利用塗料以外的材料，將色彩引入建築立面
Introduce Colors to Your Architectural Facade Using Materials Other Than Paint
你可能接觸過幼兒園、學校或娛樂中心的項目，在這些項目中，建築正立面爲略帶歡快的色彩也許更加適宜。那麽，我們還有哪些做法能夠將色彩結合建築外觀呢？默認情況下，我們會想到最基本、最有效、最經濟的材料，那就是塗料。塗料也在不斷發展，有著更新更全面的類型，但對于建築的外觀來說，它真的足夠好嗎？你之前可能也聽說過，外牆上的那種樸素的舊油漆使建築物看起來既廉價又不雅致。但是，如何能給你的立面增添令人愉快的色彩呢？該如何設計建築立面呢？
這裏，我們將提供材料的清單，這些材料呈現不同的色彩，你可以靈活和時尚地使用這些材料。
建築立面材料清單：
You have most likely come upon a project of a kindergarten, a school, or a recreational center once before and thought that a touch of cheery colors on the facade would do it much good. However, what options do we have to introduce color to an architectural facade? By default, we think of the most basic, available, and seemingly economic material, and that is paint. Paint has been advancing lately with new and better types of developing every now and then, but is it good enough for your exterior facade? You have probably heard once or twice before that plain old paint on a facade makes the building look cheap and inelegant. But how else could you add a pleasant variety of colors to your facade? How to design an architectural elevation?
Here, we will give you a list of materials which are available in a varied range of colors and which you can flexibly and fashionably use to clad your elevations
List of Materials for Your Architectural Facade:
1. 金屬
彩繪金屬是解決色彩問題的一種經典方法。彩色金屬熔覆板有多種形式，它們大多是用鋁或不鏽鋼制造而成。這些面板被塗上化學保護品，能夠維持表面的光澤。
1. Metal
Painted metal is one classy solution to the issue of color. Colored metal cladding panels come in various forms, and they are mostly manufactured from Aluminum or Stainless Steel. The panels are painted and coated with protective chemicals to keep them vivid and lustrous.
Photography: Rufus46 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
德國慕尼黑Mira購物中心 —— Chapman Taylor
有時，建築師們不喜歡選擇普通的實心板，而更喜歡使用帶有微小常規穿孔的鋁制網格板。這些面板給建築立面以半透明的效果。
Mira Shopping Center in Munich, Germany – Chapman Taylor
Sometimes, instead of opting for plain solid panels, architects prefer to use aluminum mesh panels with tiny regular punctures. These panels give a semi-transparent effect to the architectural facade.
Photography Sergio Grazia
法國de La Hague空間文化中心 —— Peripheriques 建築事務所
位于法國西北部的文化中心，入口和露台上覆蓋著三角形的紅色金屬板。這些面板由陽極電鍍氧化鋼梁和網架組成，它們構成了動態的3D骨架，圍合內部的空間。
Espace Culturel de La Hague in France – Peripheriques Architectes
Triangular red metal panels envelop the entrance and terrace of this cultural center in Northwest France. These panels comprise frames of anodized steel beams and mesh, and they structure together a dynamic 3D-skeleton to shelter the space within.
Photography: K. Kopter
新加坡城市Oasia酒店 —— WOHA
新加坡的綠洲酒店幾乎四面都是由各種紅色的網狀面板組成。爬行植物生長在這些面板之間，使整座建築充斥著異國情調，同時這種設計方式也符合新加坡熱帶地區的地理位置。
穿孔金屬面板不一定要以標准規則的網狀形式出現。穿孔可以是任何大小和形狀，它們也可以形成一種模式或圖形，這會給予建築一種審美吸引力。
Oasia Hotel Downtown in Singapore – WOHA
The Oasis Hotel in Singapore is clad, almost all-around, in mesh panels of various red shades. Creeping plants grow in between these panels, giving the whole edifice an exotic impression and referencing Singapore’s tropical location.
Perforated metal panels don’t have to come in standard regular mesh-like forms. The perforations could be of any size and shape, and they could form a sort of a pattern or a figure to mark the facade and give it an aesthetic appeal.
Photography: Nicolas Borel
裏昂Euronews總部 —— Jakob + MacFarlane
整座建築都被綠色的鋁制穿孔表皮包裹，有著曲折的圖案，可以過濾空氣和光線。而這兩個超大的類似雞蛋的孔洞在正立面上，使得固體綠色鋁板和玻璃面板得以展示出來。
還有另外一些方法來獲得獨特的顔色，那便是用覆層金屬代替人造油漆，例如氧化銅。銅在其最初的狀態下呈現出一種帶有光澤的褐色，這在立面上相當吸引人。然而，當其在某些化學物質的作用下被氧化時，它會顯示出一種獨特的綠色。這種綠色被稱爲“銅綠（鏽）”。紐約的自由女神像就是一個著名的例子，它顯現出了自然的銅鏽狀態。
Euronews Headquarters in Lyon – Jakob + MacFarlane
The whole building is enveloped in a green aluminum perforated skin with sinuous patterns, to filter the incoming air and light. There are, also, these two oversized egg-like punctures in the main facade which reveal strips of solid green aluminum panels and glass.
There are other ways to obtain unique colors for cladding-metal other than artificial paint; like for example Oxidized Copper. Copper in its original state has a lustrous brownish tint which could look quite attractive on a facade. However, when oxidized under the effect of certain chemicals, it reveals a unique shade of green. This shade of green is known as the “patina”. One famous example that features natural patina is the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Copper used for cladding in its original state – Photography: Sylvain Mille
法國Labarthe-Sur-Lèze公立中學 —— LCR建築工作室
Public Middle School Of Labarthe-Sur-Lèze in France – LCR Architectes
Courtesy of Penn State College of Art and Architecture
賓夕法尼亞州立大學Stuckeman Family大樓 —— Overland | WTW建築工作室
Stuckeman Family Building in Pennsylvania State University – Overland | WTW Architects
2. 玻璃
彩色玻璃是使建築外觀活躍的另一種選擇。在生産玻璃時，加入某些金屬和金屬氧化物于其中，玻璃就會變色。例如，根據氧化鐵的濃度，玻璃會呈藍綠色，而鎳則會使玻璃呈現藍色、紫色或黑色。
2. Glass
Colored glass is another option to enliven you architectural facade. Glass gains color when certain metals and metal oxides are added to it during its production. For example, Iron oxide gives the glass a bluish-green tint, while nickel gives it a blue, violet, or black tint, according to its concentration.
Photography: Ket Kolektif
土耳其開塞利“冰環”溜冰場 —— BKA-BahadırKulArchitects
這座位于土耳其開塞利的建築是溜冰場的所在地，設計師們渴望通過在正立面上引入色彩來反映內部的活動。他們決定用彩色玻璃來封閉建築物的有機無固定形狀的洞口，其結果令人印象深刻。
彩色玻璃片不一定要反射一種顔色。你還可以選擇二色玻璃，它能夠反映不同的顔色。這可能會給建築外觀帶來有趣的動態效果。
Kayseri Ice Ring in Turkey – BKA-BahadırKulArchitects
This building in Kayseri Turkey is home to an ice rink, and the designers aspired to reflect the activity inside on the facade by introducing colors. They decided to seal the building’s organic amorphous openings with colored glass, and the result is quite impressive.
Colored glass sheets don’t have to reflect one color. You can opt for Dichroic glass which reflects various shades of color under different lighting conditions. This could give your architectural facade a playful dynamic effect.
Photography: Sergio Grazia
法國巴黎A5 A1公寓樓 —— Agence Bernard Bühler
巴黎Fulton街區用于陽台的欄板的二色玻璃，在白天和晚上從不同的角度望去，顯示的色彩會發生變化。
The Fulton block in Paris showcases the variance in the reflected color of the dichroic glass, used for the balconies’ handrails, at day and night and from different angles.
3. 陶瓷
陶瓷的確和陶器一樣吸引人，但它同時也是很受歡迎的地板和牆面材料，特別是在潮濕的地方，如浴室和廚房。它主要有三種類型：陶、石和瓷。
陶土是陶瓷的一種形式，屬于陶器家族。它自古以來就被用作雕塑、陶器、裝飾元素，並讓建築立面保留了一點紅色。位于德國柏林的可口可樂總部大樓就有著釉面和非釉面相結合的特殊形態。
3. Ceramic
Ceramic is quite appealing as pottery, but it is also popular as a flooring and wall-cladding material, especially for wet areas like bathrooms and kitchens. It has three main types: earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
Terracotta is one form of ceramic which belongs to the earthenware family. It has been used since ancient times for sculptures, pots, decorative elements, and to give architectural facades a touch of red. An interesting modern application of Terracotta, in its glazed and non-glazed form, is the Coca-Cola Headquarters building in Berlin.
Photography: Claus Graubner
德國柏林可口可樂總部 —— Tchoban Voss Architekten
這座四層的建築中有三層是用五彩陶土著色的水平陶瓷層。這些顔色包括可口可樂的商標“中國紅”，以及更淺和更深的顔色各兩種。兩個較淺的顔色是啞光，其余的爲光面，顯示覆層的真實顔色，突出色調的變化。
Coca-Cola Headquarters in Berlin, Germany – Tchoban Voss Architekten
Three of the building’s four elevations feature horizontal ceramic claddings colored in five Terracotta shades. These shades include Coca-Cola’s trademark red “Chinese Vermilion”, two shades lighter, and two shades darker. The two lighter shades are matt, while the rest is glossy, to show the cladding’s true colors and highlight the variation in tones.
4.混凝土
盡管混凝土面板和砌塊因其水泥灰色而引人注目，但它們的色彩仍然看起來很棒。倫敦的Yard住宅就是這樣。
4. Concrete
Although concrete panels and tiles are remarkable for their cement-gray shade, they would still look good in colors. That was the case with the Yardhouse in London.
Courtesy of Assemble (Left) – Photography: David Grandorge (right)
英國倫敦Yardhouse工作室 —— Assemble
當被賦予不同的色彩時，Yard住宅向人們展現出了混凝土砌塊的美麗形態。瓦狀砌塊是在現場手工制作，在不同的粉彩顔料中隨機著色。其結果是這種多樣但和諧迷人的外觀。雖然這可以算作塗料，但最終的成果更爲精致一些。
The Yardhouse in London, UK – Assemble
The Yardhouse showcases the beauty of concrete tiles when given various hues. The shingle-like tiles were handmade on site and colored randomly in different pastel pigments. The outcome was this diverse yet harmonic and charming facade. While this might arguably count as paint, the final impression is certainly far more exquisite.
Photography: Paul Raftery
波蘭二次世界大戰博物館 —— Architektoniczne Kwadrat設計工作室
位于波蘭的博物館使用了彩色混凝土，但其使用方式不同且具有更深邃的光澤。整座建築都是用赤塔紅色的混凝土板包裹著，而建築主入口的正立面則是全玻璃。固體紅色混凝土和透明玻璃之間的對比，使整座建築外觀令人印象更加深刻。
Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, Poland – Studio Architektoniczne Kwadrat
This museum in Poland utilizes colored concrete but in a different and more profound light. The whole building is enveloped in Terracotta-red concrete panels, while the main facade of its entrance building is fully glazed. The ensuing contrast between the solid red-tinged concrete and the transparent glass gives it an outstanding look.
5. 混合
如果一種材料不起作用，那麽你可以使用多種材料。這樣做的一種方法是將兩個或多個不同的材料組合在一個立面上。但是，更進一步的方法是將這些不同的材料結合在一起，這就是許多建築材料制造商現在正在做的事情。
5. Hybrids
If one material won’t work then you can use many. One way to do so is by combining two or more different materials in one facade. But, one step further is to combine these different materials in one, and that is what many manufacturers of architectural materials are doing now.
Courtesy of Trespa
西班牙Ca Don José文化藝術中心 —— Hector Luengo Arquitectos
這個位于西班牙的文化中心的正立面上有像樂高一樣的五顔六色的面板。這些面板由高壓層壓板(HPL)或裝飾性層壓板制成。這種層壓板由樹脂和纖維組成，有著自然的比例形態。
Cultural Centre Ca Don José in Spain – Hector Luengo Arquitectos
This cultural center in Spain features Lego-like colorful panels on its facade. These panels are made from High-Pressured Laminate (HPL) or what is known as Decorative Laminate. This laminate is composed of resins and fibers, which can be natural to a percentage.
Photography: Sam Fentress
美國堪薩斯州Prairiefire博物館 —— Verner Johnson
在這個閃閃發光的立面中，建築師結合了多色彩虹不鏽鋼砌塊和二色玻璃，爲建築創造了相當充滿活力但時尚的外觀，在一天中的不同時間，其色彩可以發生改變。
Museum at Prairiefire in Kansas, US – Verner Johnson
Now, we get back to the first approach with this unusual shimmering facade. The architect combined multi-colored iridescent stainless steel tiles and dichroic glass to end up with a quite vibrant yet stylish facade that changes color at the different times of the day.
Courtesy of Sauerbruch Hutton
德國慕尼黑Brandhorst博物館 —— Sauerbruch Hutton
在這座建築中，另一方面，建築師實現了一個有趣的色彩戲法，即同時使用陶土和鋁。紅色和藍色水平鋁板是36000個陶瓷杆的背景，而陶瓷杆有23種不同的定制顔色。在陽光下，這種組合形成了一種動畫效果，從遠處看，顔色非常和諧。
這些是我們對替代材料的建議，你可以使用這些材料爲建築外觀添加顔色。當然，還有很多其他的創新方式。
Brandhorst Museum in Munich, Germany – Sauerbruch Hutton
Here, on the other hand, the architect achieves a playful trick of color, using both Terracotta and Aluminum. Red and blue horizontal aluminum sheets act as a backdrop for 36,000 ceramic rods that feature 23 different custom colors. The combination creates an animated effect under the sunlight and the colors seem pleasantly harmonious when viewed from afar.
These were our suggestions for alternative materials which you can use to add color to your Architectural Facade other than paint. Surely, there are many other innovations out there. So, what have we missed? Tell us what else should be on our list.
由專築網李佳琪，李韌編譯
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