根據世界銀行數據，21年印度的人均GDP是2277美元，屬于中低收入經濟體。根據現在發達國家的門檻，這一數字要在2萬美元以上。在印度獨立 75 周年慶祝典禮上，總理莫迪當著全國人民的面，描繪了一個極爲光明的未來場景。他放出豪言：印度在 25 年後，也就是 2047 年時，要成爲發達國家。在美版知乎Quora上，印度網友提問道：新加坡日本這樣的彈丸小國都是發達國家爲何印度不是？這引起各國網友的圍觀和熱議，我們看看他們的觀點。
問題
印度網友Bhushan的回答
Although I am an Indian, I hope to live in Japan and become a Japanese. I know that some Indians may be dissatisfied with my remarks, but I still want to explain my views. On this issue, in addition to the historical factors mentioned by many people, I think there are some current factors that support/hinder progress. Let’s take a look at the talent differences among the three peoples.
雖然我是印度人，但我希望生活在日本，成爲一個日本人，我知道可能一下言論會引起個別印度人不滿，但我仍要說明我的觀點。關于這個問題，除了許多人所說的曆史因素外，我認爲還有一些支持/阻礙進步的當今因素，讓我們看看三國人民的天賦差異。
For Japan:
對于日本：
1. The Japanese work hard. They love their work and are willing to contribute more. Because of their efforts, they can always recover quickly from crises, earthquakes and other disasters.
1.日本人很努力。他們熱愛自己的工作，願意多出力，由于他們的努力，他們總是能夠迅速從危機和地震等災難中恢複過來。
Most Indians are lazy. They want to do as little work as possible to maximize profits. No matter what kind of crisis happens, they will take a long time to recover.
印度人大多很懶。他們想做盡可能少的工作，妄想獲得最大的利潤，無論何時發生何種危機，他們都需要很長時間才能恢複。
2. The Japanese are honest. There are few thieves here. It’s very safe. But in India, you are afraid of being stolen, cheated, murdered or raped.
2.日本人很誠實。這裏很少有盜賊，非常安全。但在印度，你害怕自己的東西被偷、被騙，害怕被謀殺或被強奸。
3. The Japanese government is also honest and not corrupt. People have confidence in the government. For example, after the disaster in 2011, many banknotes were found in the soil, and all citizens gave the money they found to the government. And we will see new tax items every day. You can never expect people to trust the Indian government!
3.日本政府也是誠實的，不腐敗。人們對政府有信心。例如，2011年災難之後，在土壤中發現了許多紙幣，所有公民都把找到的錢交給了政府。而我們每天都會看到新的納稅名目，你永遠不能指望人們信賴印度政府！
4. Japanese respect others. They are supportive, kind and helpful, and will not hinder others’ progress. They appreciate every small idea and innovation, and they behave appropriately. Indians enjoy abusing and belittling others. They are jealous of others’ progress. You can never expect any random person to help you. You can find many selfish people in India. New innovations or ideas are suppressed, even criticized and ridiculed. Indians lack manners. They are rude and behave badly.
4.日本人尊重他人。他們支持、善良、樂于助人，不會妨礙他人的進步。他們欣賞每一個小點子和創新，他們舉止得體。印度人樂于辱罵和貶低他人。他們嫉妒別人的進步。你永遠不能指望任何隨機的人來幫助你。在印度你可以找到很多自私的人。新的創新或想法被壓制，甚至被批評和嘲笑。印度人缺乏禮貌，他們粗魯、行爲不端。
5. Japan speaks a unified language – Japanese/Japanese. Therefore, there is no language barrier and/or discrimination, and 125 million people understand Japanese. There are countless languages in India, but there is no unified universal language in practice. (English is not understood by all 1.2 billion people) We all know how contradictory the relationship between Hindi and Tamil is…
5.日本講一種統一的語言-日本語/日語。因此，沒有語言障礙和/或歧視，1.25億人都懂日語。印度有無數種語言，但在實踐中沒有統一的通用語言。（英語並不是所有12億人都懂的）我們都知道印地語和泰米爾語之間的關系有多對立。。。
6. There is no community violence in Japan. They believe in masculine Shintoism and Buddhism. There is no conflict between Shinto and Buddhism. Most people are both Shintoists and Buddhists. Today, almost half of the Japanese are atheists.
6.日本沒有社區暴力。他們信奉男子氣概的神道教和佛教。也沒有神道與佛教的沖突。大多數人同時是神道教和佛教徒。如今，幾乎一半的日本人是無神論者。
India has religious and community conflicts. We have Hindus against Muslims, Hindus against Sikhs, Hindus Muslims Sikhs and so on… attacking churches and temples… sighing… God knows there is no alternative….
印度有宗教和社區沖突。我們有印度教對穆斯林、印度教對錫克教徒、印度教-穆斯林-錫克教徒等等……攻擊教堂和寺廟……歎息……上帝知道個中無奈。。。。
7. The Japanese people pay great attention to protecting the environment and keeping it clean. They have different waste disposal systems. You need to distinguish between combustible and non combustible waste, plastic and non plastic, organic and non organic waste, etc. People don’t litter, they have enough dustbins and civic awareness.
7.日本人民非常注意保護環境，保持環境清潔。他們有不同的垃圾處理系統。你需要區分可燃和不可燃廢物、塑料和非塑料、有機和非有機廢物等。人們不亂丟垃圾，有足夠的垃圾箱和公民意識。
Indians care little about their environment. You can see dirt and rubbish everywhere. People lack civic awareness and regard roads as dustbins. It is too much to expect them to classify waste.
印度人幾乎不關心他們的環境和環境。你到處都能看到泥土和垃圾。人們缺乏公民意識，把道路當作垃圾箱。期望他們將廢物分類太過分了。
8. High quality products made in Japan. Their technology, electronic products, cars and animation have their own “standards” and quality, which is usually unparalleled. In the same way, if you compare with India, you are no match.
8.日本制造優質産品。他們的技術、電子産品、汽車、動畫都有自己的“標准”和質量，這通常是無與倫比的。同樣的道理，如果你和印度比較，那就不是對手。
For Singapore:
對于新加坡：
1. Singapore is basically a city country. It does not have 1.2 billion people. The smaller the population, the easier it is to manage them.
1.新加坡基本上是一個城市國家。它沒有12億人口。人口越少，管理他們就越容易。
2. Singapore has very, very strict rules. You dare not throw a piece of garbage outside. You will be charged and prosecuted. Every citizen abides by the law. They must do so. Indians are proud to break the rules.
2.新加坡有非常非常嚴格的規則。你不敢把一個垃圾扔到外面。你會被指控和起訴。每個公民都遵守法律。他們必須這樣做。而印度人以打破規則爲榮。
Like India, Singapore is also a multicultural country where Chinese, Malays, Indians and whites coexist. People are very open-minded. India really should learn from them.
與印度一樣，新加坡也是一個多元文化的國家，華人、馬來人、印度人和白人共存。人們的思想非常開放。印度真的應該向他們學習。
印度網友馬文•達克汗的回答
One of the biggest reasons Singapore has become a developed country is its first Prime Minister, Li Quanyao!! He was in office from 1959 to 1990!! And changed Singapore in a generation!! Even after that, he was a senior minister before 2004! In fact, as a city country, Singapore is easier to manage and has a superior geographical location. However, without correct policies, no city or country can develop!! He is regarded as a legend. He died at the funeral. World leaders including our Prime Minister attended the funeral!!
新加坡成爲發達國家的最大原因之一是其第一任總理李全耀！！他從1959年到1990年一直在任！！並在一代人的時間裏改變了新加坡！！即使在那之後，他還是2004年之前的高級部長！事實上，新加坡作爲一個城市國家更容易管理，地理位置優越，但如果沒有正確的政策，任何城市或國家都無法發展！！他被認爲是一位傳奇人物，他在葬禮上去世，包括我們的總理在內的世界領導人都參加了葬禮！！
Now talking about India, we have adopted the wrong economic policy from the very beginning!! The chief designer of these policies is Nehru! India is just a mixed economy with the same name. We follow the Soviet model! Our country is a hell for private entrepreneurs, because the government strictly controls industry!! It may be possible to follow this policy in the first decade after independence, but after the consolidation of national strength, India’s economy should be open, or at least liberalize the market economy in the 1960s, so that India’s private sector can flourish!! But it didn’t start until 1991!!
現在談到印度，我們從一開始就采取了錯誤的經濟政策！！這些政策的首席設計師是尼赫魯！印度只是一個同名的混合經濟體，我們遵循的是蘇聯模式！我們的國家是私人企業家的地獄，因爲政府對工業的嚴格控制！！也許在獨立後的第一個十年裏遵循這一政策是可以的，但在國力鞏固之後，印度經濟應該開放，或者至少在20世紀60年代實現市場經濟自由化，這樣印度的私營部門才能蓬勃發展！！但這直到1991年才開始！！
Now, compared with the United States, in most of the history of American industrialists, they have received government support! The reason why so many American companies are now large multinational companies (such as JPMorgan Chase, McDonald’s, KFC, etc.) is that they have gained freedom in the United States and completely controlled the American domestic market (European companies have no freedom to operate in the United States)!! Therefore, in the era of globalization that began in the 1970s, most American companies are ready to take over the world!! India has nothing!
現在和美國比較一下，在美國工業家的大部分曆史中，他們都得到了政府的支持！現在這麽多美國公司都是大型跨國公司（如摩根大通、麥當勞、肯德基等）的原因是他們在美國獲得了自由，完全控制了美國國內市場（歐洲公司沒有在美國經營的自由）！！因此，到了20世紀70年代開始的全球化時代，大多數美國公司已經准備好接管世界了！！而印度則什麽都沒有！
印度網友Diwan的回答
Obviously, India has more potential because its birth rate and infant mortality rate are much higher, while Singapore and Japan have the lowest birth rate and infant mortality rate in the world.
顯然，因爲印度的出生率和嬰兒死亡率要高得多，而新加坡和日本的出生率及嬰兒死亡率是全世界最低的，所以印度要更有潛力。
Slow population growth makes it easier for people to feed and educate the population, develop the economy… Basically, everything has become easier.
緩慢的人口增長使人們更容易養活和教育人口，發展經濟……基本上一切都變得更容易了。
Since 1990, India’s population has increased by nearly 500 million! Can you imagine that in the beginning, a country about the size of Argentina had a population increase of 500 million in less than 30 years?
自1990年以來，印度人口增長了近5億！你能想象嗎，起初一個與阿根廷差不多大小的國家，在不到30年的時間裏，人口增加了5億？
Basically, any country with a slow birth rate, infant mortality rate and population growth will automatically develop in a few decades.
基本上，任何出生率、嬰兒死亡率和人口增長緩慢的國家都會在幾十年後自動發展起來。
Japan imports 60% of its grain, while Singapore imports 90% of its grain. Moreover, both countries have very little arable land. Therefore, if Japan and Singapore have high birth rates, poverty and problems may be seen everywhere in these countries. However, since they are both among the countries with the lowest birth rates in the world, it is easy to develop.
日本60%的糧食由進口，新加坡90%的糧食由其進口，而且兩國的耕地都非常少，因此，如果日本和新加坡的出生率較高，貧窮和問題可能會在這些國家隨處可見，但由于它們都是全世界出生率最低的國家之一，因此發展起來就很容易了。
As Japan and Singapore are already crowded and competitive, if the birth rate is high, they are likely to fall into poverty soon.
由于日本和新加坡已經很擁擠，競爭很激烈，如果出生率較高，它們很可能很快就會陷入貧困。
Since 1990, the population of Japan has been almost the same as it is now (only 3 million more than it is now)… The population of Japan has actually declined. If India’s population had only increased by 100 million to 200 million since 1990, India would be more developed now.
1990年以來，日本的人口幾乎與現在一樣（只比現在多300萬）……日本的人口實際上已經在下降。如果印度的人口自1990年以來只增長了1億至2億，那麽印度現在可能會更加發達。
According to the population forecast, it seems that India should develop when its population growth stops and starts to decline in 2060. Then, it will automatically become easier to feed and educate the population, develop the economy and so on
根據人口預測，到2060年印度人口增長停止並開始下降時，印度似乎應該發展起來。然後，它將自動變得更容易餵養和教育人口，發展經濟等等…
In recent years, India’s birth rate and infant mortality rate have declined, but compared with each country with a high human development index, this rate is still very high.
近年來，印度的出生率和嬰兒死亡率有所下降，但與高人類發展指數的每個國家相比，這一比率仍然非常高。
In addition, I’m not sure whether being more developed is a positive thing. It seems to be basically the same as the low birth rate, and development will also lead to some problems (such as pollution).
此外，我也不確定更加發達是否是一件積極的事情，似乎與低出生率基本相同，而且發展也會導致某些問題（比如汙染）。
Very low birth rates can also lead to population extinction. The extremely low birth rate in many European and East Asian countries will reduce the population of Europe and East Asia by hundreds of millions in the coming decades. I want to know how the upcoming large-scale population decline in Europe and East Asian countries will affect the world.
極低的出生率也會導致人口滅絕。許多歐洲和東亞國家的極低出生率將導致歐洲和東亞人口在未來幾十年內減少數億。我想知道歐洲和東亞國家即將到來的大規模人口下降將如何影響世界。
We don’t need to compare with Singapore and Japan. India is at its best!
我們不必和新加坡、日本比較，印度正在最好的時候！
德國網友塞恩的回答
I live in a small town in Germany. If my hometown is regarded as an independent country, it will be marked as a developed country. His per capita annual income is about 40000 US dollars, and the per capita income level is one of the criteria to measure whether a country is developed. Almost everyone in the town has been educated. They have electricity and all the infrastructure at home. It is not difficult to earn 40000 dollars annually. They achieved this achievement with little effort relying on a chemical company.
我住在德國一個小鎮，如果我的家鄉被視爲一個獨立的國家，它將被標記爲發達國家。他的人均年收入約爲40000美元，人均收入水平是衡量一個國家是否發達的標准之一。鎮裏幾乎人人受過教育，家裏有電力和所有的基礎設施，年收入40000美元並不難，他們依靠一家化工公司幾乎不費吹灰之力就達成了這一成就。
It does not take much effort to turn a small country into a developed country. It only needs a developed leading industry to become a rich country.
把一個小國變成一個發達國家並不需要花費很多努力，只需要有一個發達的主導産業，就可以成爲一個富裕國家。
The complexity is that this development is extended to a vast continental country, which has a huge hinterland, and millions of people live far away from the sea or any city.
複雜的是，將這一發展擴展到一個幅員遼闊的大陸國家，這個國家有著巨大的腹地，有千百萬人生活在遠離大海或任何城市的地方。
People often fall in love with such city-state as Singapore or Dubai, but in fact, it is not difficult to build a Singapore. In our own country, Mumbai’s GDP is equivalent to Singapore’s. If the government does not use its taxes to finance other parts of the country, it may have better roads and infrastructure. It is not a big deal for a city to have an excellent port on the main trade route and become a rich city.
人們常常迷戀新加坡或迪拜這樣的城邦，但事實上，建設一個新加坡並不難。在我們自己的國家，孟買的GDP與新加坡相當。如果政府不使用其稅收來資助該國其他地區，它可能會擁有更好的道路和基礎設施。讓一個城市在主要貿易路線上擁有一個優秀的港口，成爲一個富裕的城市並不是什麽大事。
The complexity is that turning a place 1000 kilometers away from the port into a developed place, where there is no river and energy or schools are very limited, will take a long time and require a lot of resources. This is the challenge India faces in developing landlocked countries such as Bihar.
複雜的是，把一個距離港口1000公裏的地方變成一個發達的地方，這個地方沒有河流，能源或學校非常有限，這需要很長時間，需要很大的資源投入。這就是印度在發展比哈爾邦等內陸國家方面面臨的挑戰。
If turning a city with a population of 5 million into a developed country needs a talented person like Lee Kuan Yew, then turning a country with a population of 1.4 billion into a leader with 300 such talented people, there are not so many talented people in the world.
如果把一個擁有500萬人口的城市變成一個發達國家需要一個像李光耀這樣的才華橫溢的人，那麽把一個有14億人口的國家變成一個需要300名這樣才華橫橫溢的領導人，而世界上卻沒有那麽多的能人。