前言
1. 新加坡共和國（the Republic of Singapore），簡稱新加坡，首都新加坡市，實行議會制共和制，貨幣單位是SGD$。
2. 新加坡屬于英美法系。除成文法之外，新加坡也適用不成文法（指英國法、判例和習慣法）及適用伊斯蘭法（主要對象是伊斯蘭教徒）。[1]
3. 新加坡法院承襲了英國司法法院的傳統。新加坡最高法院（the Supreme Court）審理民事和刑事案件，由上訴法院（the Court of Appeal）和高等法院（the High Court）組成。上訴法院主要審理針對高等法院判決上訴的民事和刑事案件。
4. 中國與新加坡的經濟往來非常頻繁，作者將通過本文對新加坡交易文件中常用的一些審核要點進行梳理，以期和各位讀者探討。
一、交易文件審核要點（除非特別說明，本部分主要以服務類協議爲例）
1. 主體使用：中國主體可以使用中國境內主體，也可以使用在香港或新加坡注冊的主體，主要考慮是否可以有外幣賬戶；新加坡方一般使用新加坡主體簽署。
2. 合同期限：作爲委托方(the Client)，一般會明確無理由提前至少30天書面通知受托方(the Company)終止合同，合同在30天到期後自動終止。示例：The Client may terminate this Consulting Agreement for any reason, or no reason, upon written notice to the Company at least 30 calendar days in advance of the terminate date.
3.服務範圍：一般在合同正文或者附件（Appendix）明確約定服務範圍、要求、彙報形式（monthly report in writing and detail the activities）。
4. 聲明和保證條款（Representations and Warranties of the Parties）：常見條款。需要注意的是在後續終止條款（Termination for cause）中會約定違反聲明和保證條款時，另一方有權終止合同（This Agreement may be terminated without prior notice if either party failure to comply with the warranties set forth herein）並且不承擔任何違約責任（no compensation or reimbursement shall be due or payable）。
5. 費用條款（Compensation）：明確費用詳情、invoice（包括invoice’s number/description of the services/final cost）及支付時限等內容。
6. 責任限制（Limitation of Liability）：一般方會將自己一方的賠償上限約定爲合同總額並且不承擔間接賠償。示例：The liability of the Party A for damages allegedly incurred by Party B arising out of, or in connection with the Agreement shall be strictly limited to the fees as explicitly set forth herein. In no event Party A be liable for any indirect, incidental or punitive damages arising out of claims made against Party A。
7. 數據保護條款：新加坡于2012年發布了《個人數據保護法案2012》（Personal Data Protection Act 2012,“PDPA”）。需要說明的是，根據PDPA，個人數據(Personal Data）means data, whether true or not, about an individual who can be identified — (a) from that data; or (b) from that data and other information to which the organization has or is likely to have access。如果合同中涉及個人數據披露或涉及個人數據從新加坡跨境傳輸至中國境內，合同中應明確以下幾個內容：（1）僅接收方可以自行對數據進行必要的處理，如果超出範圍處理或者轉給第三方處理，需要及時取得披露方的同意；（2）接收方需要進行數據接收/處理的整體方案布局（包括技術、物理等條件），以確保數據不被非法竊取或盜用以及意外損失；（3）如果接收方收到數據主體任何通知，應立即通知數據披露方；（4）出現數據泄露應及時通知披露方。
8. 知識産權條款：一般約定根據委托方創作産生的知識産權成果歸屬于委托方。
9. 法律適用及爭議解決：一般約定適用新加坡法律（This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Singapore without regard to its conflict of the laws provisions.）；因協議存在、效力、終止、執行産生的爭議可以選擇由新加坡法院管轄裁決，據調查數據顯示[2]，新加坡國際仲裁中心被公認爲世界上最好的仲裁機構行列，加之考慮到仲裁機構的保密性質較好，所以在一些協議中，當時雙方也選擇通過新加坡國際仲裁中心進行仲裁解決糾紛（be referred to and finally resolved by Singapore International Arbitration Center “SIAC” in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of Singapore International Arbitration Center “SIAC Rules” for the time being in force）。
二、參考資料
序號
法律文件
重要條款或相關鏈接
1
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
4) This Act shall not apply in respect of —
(a) personal data about an individual that is contained in a record that has been in existence for at least 100 years; or
(b) personal data about a deceased individual, except that the provisions relating to the disclosure of personal data and section 24 (protection of personal data) shall apply in respect of personal data about an individual who has been dead for 10 years or fewer.
Transfer of personal data outside Singapore
26.—(1) An organization shall not transfer any personal data to a country or territory outside Singapore except in accordance with requirements prescribed under this Act to ensure that organizations provide a standard of protection to personal data so transferred that is comparable to the protection under this Act.
(2) The Commission may, on the application of any organization, by notice in writing exempt the organization from any requirement prescribed pursuant to subsection (1) in respect of any transfer of personal data by that organization.
(3) An exemption under subsection (2) —
(a) may be granted subject to such conditions as the
Commission may specify in writing; and
(b) need not be published in the Gazette and may be revoked at any time by the Commission.
(4) The Commission may at any time add to, vary or revoke any condition imposed under this section.
2
SIAC
http://www.siac.org.sg
3
Singapore Supreme Court
https://www.supremecourt.gov.sg
[1]新加坡法律制度概況 張衛平
[2]See ICC, “ICC report confirms Singapore as a leading Asia arbitration hub” (6 June 2016) (online: http://www.iccwbo.org/News/Articles/2016/ICC-report-confirms-Singapore-as-a-leading-Asia-arbitration-hub/); see also White & Case LLP, “The 2010 International Arbitration Survey: Choices of International Arbitration” (2010).