浙江自貿試驗區挂牌以來，以“推動油品全産業鏈投資便利化和貿易自由化”爲核心任務，加快推進油品全産業鏈“一中心三基地一示範區”建設，並先後舉辦了兩屆世界油商大會，引起了全球油品行業及海內外媒體的廣泛關注。
近期，英國路透社能源記者專程采訪了浙江自貿試驗區在對標新加坡、建設船用燃料油供應中心方面的舉措，並結合路透社對新加坡有關部門和企業的采訪，給予了專題報道和客觀評價，提升了浙江自貿試驗區的國際影響力和知名度。
（以下中文翻譯未經作者審定，僅供參考）
ANALYSIS-China’s Zhoushan to go after Singapore marine hub’s top billing – Reuters News 13-Dec-2018 07:00:00 AM
分析——中國舟山追趕新加坡國際海事基地的領先地位（路透社新聞2018.12.13 07:00:00 ）
●Top Asian refiner Sinopec relocates bunker hub to Zhoushan
亞洲頂級煉油企業中石化將全球船用燃料油總部遷往舟山
●Top global oil merchant Vitol sets up shop in Zhoushan
全球最大油品貿易商維多集團在舟山落戶
●Zhoushan lobbying for tax changes to be more competitive
舟山正在爭取更具競爭力的稅收優惠政策
●Singapore dominance as bunker port still hard to beat
新加坡全球船用燃料油供應中心的優勢仍然難以超越
By Chen Aizhu and Roslan Khasawneh
記者 陳愛珠 Roslan Khasawneh
ZHOUSHAN, China/SINGAPORE, Dec 13 (Reuters) – China’s port city of Zhoushan is planning to challenge Singapore’s dominance of the multi-billion dollar shipping fuel industry, relying on proximity to some of the world’s biggest ports and Beijing’s support to give it an edge. It will be steep going. The port facilities in the cluster of islands around Zhoushan have annual marine fuel sales of 3.6 million tonnes, less than a tenth of the record 50.6 million tonnes of shipping or bunker fuel Singapore sold in 2017.
中國舟山，新加坡, 12月13日（路透社）——中國的港口城市舟山正在計劃挑戰新加坡在價值數十億美元的船用燃料油市場中的主導地位, 依托它周邊的一些世界上最大的港口，以及中國政府給予的支持等優勢。這將是一個艱難的過程。目前舟山周邊島嶼群的港口設施每年的船用燃料油銷售量爲360萬噸,不到新加坡2017年創曆史新高的5060萬噸船用燃料油的十分之一。
Zhoushan, though, was ranked fourth in global container traffic in 2016, according to the World Shipping Council, and it sits 150 km (90 miles) from the world’s biggest container port at Shanghai, and within a day’s voyage of other major ports including Ningbo and Nanjing. Zhoushan wants to go after the fuelling business represented by this traffic, and many shippers and analysts expect it to mount the first serious challenge to Singapore in decades.It’s not just bunkers. A thriving bunker market attracts valuable secondary businesses – shipping supplies, maintenance and repairs, insurance and other maritime financial services – worth billions of dollars more a year.
不過，根據世界航運理事會的數據,甯波舟山港在2016年全球集裝箱港口吞吐量排名第四，同時，舟山距離全球最大集裝箱港的上海港僅150(90英裏),距離甯波和南京等其他主要港口的航行時間也不到一天。依托這一海上交通（區位優勢），舟山希望發展船用燃料油業務，許多船公司和分析師預計,這將是幾十年來對新加坡的首次嚴峻挑戰。這不僅僅是船用燃料油供應。一個繁榮的船用燃料油市場吸引了寶貴的二級企業——航運用品、維護和維修、保險和其他海上金融服務——每年價值數十億美元。
“With over 3 billion-tonnage freight handled by Zhoushan and nearby ports, that exceeds Singapore … We shall not miss the vast market in front of our door,” said Ying Zhongmin, head of policy and regulations at Zhoushan Free Trade Zone. “Singapore handled almost 630 million tonnes of cargo in 2017, with vessel arrivals totalling 2.8 billion tonnes, according to government data.Zhang Haichao, chairman and general manager of Sinopec Corp 600028.SS unit Sinopec Sales Co, said at an industry event in October that by 2030 Zhoushan’s bunkering volumes will have risen to 30 million tonnes a year, in keeping with targets set by port authorities.
“舟山及附近港口的貨物吞吐量超過30億噸, 超過新加坡……”浙江自貿試驗區政策法規局局長應仲民說：“我們不會錯過門前廣闊的市場。”根據政府數據, 2017年新加坡港口貨物吞吐量爲6.3億噸,船舶進出港總噸位28億噸。中國石化集團副總經理張海潮在10月份的一次行業活動中表示, 按照舟山當地政府設定的目標,到2030年,舟山的船用燃料油供應量將升至每年3000萬噸。
Nearby, there are a half-dozen fuel producers, including the 400,000 barrels-per-day (bpd) Zhejiang Petrochemical Corp plant to be launched at year-end. Zhoushan could lure in oil and LNG tankers, dry-bulk carriers bringing raw materials from Australia, and container ships heading to the U.S. West Coast.”Vessels calling on China close to Zhoushan and north of it, as well as Japan and (South) Korea, will definitely give it a close look,” said Ashok Sharma, managing director of shipbroker BRS Baxi in Singapore. “Chinese vessels would find it particularly attractive, he said.
舟山附近有六個燃料油生産企業, 包括將于2018年底投産的日産40萬桶的浙江石油化工有限公司。舟山可以吸引石油和液化天然氣油輪、從澳大利亞運來原材料的幹散貨船以及前往美國西海岸的集裝箱船。新加坡船舶經紀公司BRS Baxi董事總經理Ashok Sharma表示:” 停靠在舟山、中國北方及日本、韓國的船只肯定會對其進行密切關注。他說,中國的船只會覺得特別有吸引力。
CLEAN FUEL REGULATIONS
清潔燃料規則
Zhoushan plans to take advantage of marine fuel regulations that will cap sulphur content in shipping fuel at 0.5 percent from 2020, down from 3.5 percent. The new International Maritime Organization (IMO) rules mean three-quarters of the 4 million barrels per day (bpd) of high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) now consumed by global shippers will shift to low-sulphur fuels like marine gasoil (MGO) and low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO). (Full Story)
舟山計劃利用國際航行船舶燃料規則, 將從2020年起將船用燃料油的硫含量限制在 0.5%。國際海事組織（IMO）的新規則意味著, 在目前全球航行船舶每天消耗的400萬桶高硫燃料油中, 四分之三將轉向低硫燃料, 如船用柴油 (MGO) 和低硫燃料油 (LSFO)。
While Singapore has three major refineries – owned by Royal Dutch Shell RDSa.AS, Exxon Mobil XOM.N and the joint-venture Singapore Refining Company – they are geared for high-value product exports and not marine fuels. Under the IMO rules, Singapore will have to import these fuels, including from producers in China and the Middle East, inflating costs.
新加坡有三家主要煉油廠——荷蘭皇家殼牌，埃克森美孚和合資的新加坡煉油公司。但它們是爲生産出口高價值産品而不是船用燃料油而設計的。根據國際海事組織的規定, 新加坡將不得不進口這些低硫船用燃料油, 包括從中國和中東的生産商進口, 從而推高成本。
“Chinese ports like Zhoushan will be closer to the source of production of the new compliant fuel,” said Ralph Leszczynski, head of research at ship broker Banchero Costa in Singapore. “The pricing could potentially turn to Zhoushan’s advantage.”
“像舟山這樣的中國港口將更接近新的合規船用燃料油的生産來源,” 新加坡船只經紀公司Banchero Costa的研究主管拉爾夫·萊斯欽斯基（Ralph Leszczynski）”定價可能會轉向舟山的優勢。
Sinopec, Asia’s biggest oil refiner, moved its global bunker fuel centre to Zhoushan from Beijing in May and is preparing to pump IMO-compliant fuel from 2019. (Full Story) Top global independent oil merchant Vitol VITOLV.UL has also set up a trade office in Zhoushan for bunkers and other oil products in a joint operation with Zhejiang Seaport Group, said Zhoushan government officials and industry sources. Vitol declined to comment.
作爲亞洲最大的煉油企業, 中石化今年5月將其全球船用燃料油總部從北京遷往舟山, 並准備從2019年起供應符合 IMO 標准的燃料油。舟山政府官員和業內人士表示, 全球最大的獨立油品貿易商——維多集團已經與浙江省海港集團聯合在舟山設立了船用燃料油等油品的貿易辦事處。維多拒絕對此發表評論。
While Zhoushan may chip away at some of Singapore’s bunker market share, its success depends on factors such as the cost and efficiency of its fuelling infrastructure, where Singapore is unrivalled, BRS Baxi’s Sharma said.”Zhoushan will find it challenging to achieve the same standards and ease of doing business.”
新加坡船舶經紀公司BRS Baxi的Ashok Sharma表示， 雖然舟山可能會搶占新加坡的部分船用燃料油市場份額, 但其成功與否取決于舟山加油基礎設施的成本和效率等因素, 新加坡在這些基礎設施中是具有顯著優勢的。”舟山將會發現，要想實現和新加坡同樣的標准以及便利化是很有挑戰性的。
HARD TO TOP
艱難前行
China has 11 licensed bunker suppliers, including state-run Sinopec and Chimbusco, and independents such as Herun Group and Zhoushan Seaport Group, all operating in Zhoushan. They are up against more than 50 outfits in Singapore, alongside the world’s busiest shipping lane and supplying some of the cheapest marine fuel available. (Full Story)
目前中國有11家擁有執照的船用燃料油供應商, 包括國營的中石化、中船燃, 以及和潤集團、舟山海港集團等地方供應商, 均在舟山運營。他們與新加坡擁有的50多家同行競爭, 與世界上最繁忙的航道並駕齊驅, 並提供一些最便宜的船用燃料油。
“Zhoushan is gaining some traction in competition to South Korea on bunker prices, but it still is quite a distance behind Singapore in terms of efficiency and infrastructure,” said an executive with China’s Nanjing Tanker Corp, which refuels some of its 65 vessels at the port. A ship can refuel in around six hours in Singapore, while in Zhoushan it can take much longer due to greater bureaucracy, according to industry participants.Ships take bunkers in Singapore because of its efficiency, transparency and strict standards, which translate into saved costs and time. (Full Story)
中國南京油輪公司(爲其65艘船只的部分船只提供燃料)的一位高管表示: “舟山在與韓國的船用燃料油價格競爭中獲得了一定的吸引力, 但在效率和基礎設施方面仍落後于新加坡相當遠。據業內人士介紹, 在新加坡,一艘船只可以在6個小時左右完成加油, 而在舟山可能需要更長的時間。船舶在新加坡加油是由于其效率、透明度和嚴格的標准,從而節省了成本和時間。
“The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore … continues to implement and uphold high standards,” said an MPA spokeswoman, citing the required use of mass flow meters for fuel oil deliveries from 2017, and the extension of that requirement to gasoil in mid-2019.
“新加坡海事和港務局…… 繼續實施和維護高標准,” MPA發言人說, 他說, 從2017年起, 供應船用燃料油需要使用質量流量計, 並在2019年年中將這一要求擴大到柴油。
Zhoushan was approved as a free trade zone in early 2017, and was the first Chinese city allowed to grant marine fuel licenses. In October this year, it announced a new import regulation on marine blending fuels, a move to serve a broader range of shippers’ needs. (Full Story) Zhoushan has also asked the Ministry of Finance for a waiver on a consumption tax on bunker sales, and a rebate on value-added taxes for locally produced marine fuels, officials said.
舟山于2017年初獲批自由貿易試驗區, 是中國第一個獲准頒發船用燃料油經營資質的城市。今年 10月, 又實施了一項新的船用燃料油混兌條例, 此舉將滿足更廣泛的船公司需求。據有關官員介紹, 舟山還在爭取財政部對船用燃料油實行稅收優惠, 並對當地生産的船用燃料油實施出口退稅。
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