原來他們一直在撒謊，令人尴尬的現狀戳破了西方長久以來塑造的綠色環保、可持續發展的童話故事。這是西方記者全面深度調查之後得出的結論。
如今西方很多國家都面臨面著垃圾堆積成山、垃圾處理不堪重負，已經嚴重到影響市民生活的程度。
而這一個現象的起因，就來自于2018年1月1日我國政府頒布的全面禁止進口“洋垃圾”的禁令。禁令生效之後，很多西方人發現他們原來優雅、綠色、高品質的生活不見了，美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、韓國等國紛紛扛不住了！
一家名叫《深度調查》欄目的記者采訪了澳大利亞相關領域的專家馬丁·斯科特。他竟然用了“崩潰”一詞來形容目前的澳大利亞垃圾處理狀況。
在節目中，他坦言：過去的我們（在環保領域）一直在撒謊，離開了中國這樣一個願意每年接收60萬噸澳洲垃圾的國家，我們度日如年……
這位“實誠人”道出了兩大真相：1.澳大利亞人的美好生活快要維持不下去了；2.過去我們一直在撒謊，沒有中國在背後的默默付出，就沒有西方人高品質的生活。
然而，出現崩潰的不僅只有澳大利亞，很多國家同樣如此。
日本：幹淨整潔的街道、嚴格垃圾分類的背後是對華垃圾出口第一名！
日本的幹淨街道，事無巨細的垃圾分類管理一直被某些公知大V所津津樂道。
國內的百姓也對此十分羨慕，莫名産生了自卑感。
但是，當中國禁令之後，日本環保衛生的高大形象也轟然崩塌。當做完精細的垃圾分類，日本人把收集來的垃圾進行簡單捆紮處理之後，就分批出口到了中國，完成了所謂的“垃圾處理”。
據聯合國商品貿易統計數據庫數據，在向中國出口塑料等固體廢物的國家中，日本的出口量最高，占總量的14%；美國居于第二，占10%。據日本環境省的數據，日本2017年排出塑料垃圾900萬噸左右，其中有140萬噸出口，出口至中國的占72%。
中國禁令生效後，日本國內的垃圾處理企業立刻不堪重負了。一家企業的經營者向媒體大倒苦水：目前他們處理站的垃圾堆放量達到去年的1.5倍，預計還會持續增加。
這就是日本各地垃圾回收站情況的縮影——巨大的垃圾處理任務已經讓很多未經處理的垃圾無處安放，成爲新的汙染源了。
韓國：一場大火燒出了現代化的真相！
韓國慶尚北道義成郡，過去晴空萬裏、鳥語花香的自然和諧場面如今被遮雲蔽日的有毒濃煙所替代。
而造成這一改變的就是從去年12月開始燃燒的垃圾山。
義成郡的這座垃圾山是韓國最大的垃圾堆，熊熊燃燒的火焰凸顯出韓國目前愈演愈烈的垃圾危機！
據韓國環境部數據，韓國有120萬噸非法棄置的垃圾。從理論上講，韓國産生的所有垃圾都有三種處理方式：要麽回收，要麽加工成燃料，要麽焚燒。
韓國在過去也有嚴峻的霧霾問題。過去的韓國媒體都把這個問題歸咎于中國的環境汙染。但是，這場大火燒出了真相——韓國霧霾問題大部分源于本地的垃圾焚燒。
在以前，這些本國來不及處理的垃圾都被出口到了中國。禁令後，韓國對中國的塑料垃圾出口下降了90%以上。因爲韓國垃圾回收處理廠家集體拒絕再收垃圾，很多垃圾來不及處理，長期堆放分解産生出了易燃氣體，最終引發大火。
可悲的是，即便韓國政府緊急運走還未燃燒的垃圾，這場大火還要持續燃燒幾年。而首爾市的街頭已經開始垃圾泛濫了。
其它西方國家：我們不知道接下來怎麽辦
澳大利亞、日本、韓國都出現了垃圾危機，英美、加拿大等國同樣不容樂觀。
面對日益嚴峻的垃圾問題，英國環境大臣邁克爾戈夫承認：他對即將到來的問題束手無策。英國回收協會首席執行官西蒙·埃林也承認：目前英國無法處理大部分的廢物，不知道如何在短期內解決這個麻煩。
美國的“環保先鋒”州——俄勒岡州在禁令生效之後，也發生了翻天覆地的變化。現在，每個社區都堆放著處理不完的垃圾，就連停車場也被垃圾侵占。過去的碧水藍天如今卻變成了汙水遍地、惡臭難散……
西方的環保童話，原來一直都是中國在負重前行。
當這一切的危機發生之後，西方輿論不首先反省自己的問題，反而先不約而同地指責起了中國。
2018年3月，在WTO貨物貿易委員會上，美方代表炮轟中國：中國禁止洋垃圾的政策影響了全球垃圾的回收利用！這違背了WTO的義務！論局勢不禁想問，違背了那條義務？
歐盟代表也在會上表示，中國的政策將迫使廢鋼轉移到沒有安全回收設施、沒有垃圾填埋、沒有焚燒設施的第三國，造成環境破壞。
英媒稱：受中國禁止洋垃圾影響，我們原本幹淨的街道正在被垃圾包圍。
日媒稱：受限于中國出台不再接受“洋垃圾”進口的聲明，這將對日本的生態造成毀滅災難。
美媒稱：中國突然停止進口洋垃圾這是破壞規則的行爲。美國對此表示非常失望，並希望中國能夠考慮重新進口廢棄物，而價格方面美國會適當的降低。小編納悶了，價格調低？你怎麽不買我們中國的垃圾？
這就是西方人真實的嘴臉。把自己的問題甩給他人，自己拍拍屁股去過潇灑的日子了，還用各種花言巧語、理所當然的語言包裝著自己的精致生活。
而一旦有人發起反抗，不願幫助他們擦屁股，那他們就會撕下僞善的面具，顛倒黑白、不辨是非地指責他人不願意爲自己擦屁股。
前些年，國內就有一種論調，中國是以犧牲子孫後代的利益來發展經濟，這種言論很有傳播性，也導致了很多群體性事件的發生。
其實，這些人只說對了一半，比起西方國家是發展之後才處理問題甚至把問題甩給發展中國家，中國是邊發展邊處理問題，前些年不僅在處理自己的環境汙染問題，還在間接爲發達國家的垃圾處理問題買單。
2018年，據世界環境署調查數據顯示：最被公知大V吹捧的“垃圾分類楷模”的日本垃圾回收率僅爲20.8%；被稱贊爲擁有“歐洲最完善垃圾處理系統”的英國垃圾回收率僅爲35%；被聯合國工業發展組織贊頌爲“最環保工業強國”的美國，垃圾回收率僅爲44%。
被西方媒體和國內部分環保人士攻擊的祖國，垃圾回收率竟然高達58%！這個58%裏面，就包括了占世界垃圾總量一半的進口“洋垃圾”。其中，40%是我國日常自産的，60%是歐美日等發達國家轉嫁到我們頭上的！
他們早以喪失了垃圾處理能力，將垃圾處理問題全部轉嫁給了中國等發展中國家。這就是西方國家一直不願意承認和面對的事實：西方的綠水青山是建立在發展中國家的垃圾成山的基礎之上的，而不是他們自己的環保工作有多麽傑出和優秀！
僅僅是一條禁令就讓西方社會陷入危機，僅僅是一條禁令就戳破了他們的環保童話，事實擺在眼前，真正的環保先鋒恰恰是一直被他們指責和汙蔑的祖國。
如果不是這條禁令，不少國人還被西方的環保童話蒙在鼓裏，還在隨著某些公知大V攻擊自己的祖國，那將會是多麽可悲、可笑的事情。
如今，事實勝于雄辯。國內確實還有很多的問題需要解決，國內的環保問題依然嚴重，但要是有誰在避重就輕、顛倒是非地帶節奏，中國人民決不答應！
我們既要金山銀山，也要綠水青山。爲祖國的這條禁令點贊！
169. Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today. 別留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers)170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，沒人替你堅強。171. If you don’t build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你沒有夢想，那麽你只能爲別人的夢想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你給自己機會，你會發現你的世界可以很美麗。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often…not quitting. 贏與輸的差別通常是–不放棄。(華特·迪士尼)174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡，但我獨一無二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜歡那些讓我笑起來的人，就算是我不想笑的時候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it.爲你的生命想一個全新劇本，並去傾情出演吧！177. I’d rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做個悲傷的智者，不如做個開心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未來屬于那些相信夢想之美的人。(埃莉諾·羅斯福)179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使沒有人爲你鼓掌，也要優雅的謝幕，感謝自己的認真付出。180. Don’t let dream just be your dream. 別讓夢想只停留在夢裏。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 沒有笑聲的一天是浪費了的一天。(卓別林)182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，見的世面多了，你會發現原來在意的那些結根本算不了什麽。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功關鍵都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》184. You can be happy no matter what. 開心一點吧，管它會怎樣。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好計劃勝過明天的完美計劃。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says ‘I’m possible’! 一切皆有可能！“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奧黛麗·赫本)187. Life isn’t fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 無論多麽艱難，都要繼續前進，因爲只有你放棄的那一刻，你才輸了。 When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later.Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman.Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life.Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process.There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child.Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria.Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science.In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions.Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs.When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education.There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 別讓夢想只停留在夢裏。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 沒有笑聲的一天是浪費了的一天。(卓別林)182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，見的世面多了，你會發現原來在意的那些結根本算不了什麽。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功關鍵都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》184. You can be happy no matter what. 開心一點吧，管它會怎樣。baby boy back.Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other.Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.”Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.”Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.”Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.”Silicon ValleyThe childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south.There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.”Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.”His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必須十分努力，才能看起來毫不費力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像騎單車，只有不斷前進，才能保持平衡。(愛因斯坦)191. Be thankful for what you have.You’ll end up having more. 擁有一顆感恩的心，最終你會得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一種內心的感覺，並反映在你的眼睛裏。(索菲亞·羅蘭)193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是讓你快樂加倍，痛苦減半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 當你真心渴望某樣東西時，整個宇宙都會來幫忙。echanical things.”“I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.”Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.”The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.”Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.”Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic.His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one examplWhat made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.”Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.”In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments.Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work.The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors.The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.”“No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.”“I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’”Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world.Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.”So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality.SchoolEven before Jobs started elementary school, his mother had taught him how to read. This, however, led to some problems once he got to school. “I was kind of bored for the first few years
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