【環球網綜合報道 記者 丁潔芸】針對美方無視中方交涉執意公布對華徵稅建議清單，中國商務部4日發布公告，宣布將對原產於美國的大豆等農產品、汽車、化工品、飛機等進口商品對等採取加征關稅措施。有可能成為中美貿易戰「犧牲品」的美國飛機製造商波音，5日在其官網發布一份有關「擬加征關稅和航空航天對經濟繁榮重要性」的聲明，全文如下：
「我們相信對話仍在繼續。儘管兩國政府採取的立場可能『損害全球航空業』，但還沒有人實施這些激烈舉措。
我們將繼續與兩國政府積極主動地接觸，並在中美領導人承諾要談判解決問題的基礎上，繼續努力，以確保建設性的談判得以繼續。
強大而充滿活力的航空和航天工業對兩國的經濟繁榮和國家安全都很重要」。
中方徵稅清單涉航空領域：波音窄體機首當其衝 股價暴跌
根據此前商務部發布的對美加征關稅商品清單第106項，涉及的飛機商品為「空載重量超過15000公斤，但不超過45000公斤的飛機及其他航空器」。澎湃新聞稱，這一空載重量範圍覆蓋了美國波音公司對中國出口的主要機型——波音737系列(737-700、737-800、737-900)和737 MAX 7。這也意味著，波音這兩款飛機的未來可能成為中美貿易戰的「靶子」。
可資對比的是，國產大飛機C919和空客A320也在此空載重量範圍之內，它們均為737系列的競爭機型。
另據21世紀經濟報道，國內航空公司是波音的忠實用戶。目前國內航空公司從波音進口的窄體客機多數空載重量都在15-25噸之間，尤其是737系列，包括737-700/800/900/900ER等在內的737NG飛機都將受限。數據顯示，2017年，波音在華銷售額接近120億美元，占總營收比重達到13%，生產的每四架飛機中，就有一架出售給了來自中國的客戶。
澎湃新聞還說，當地時間3月22日，特朗普發動對華貿易戰的第一天，波音股價就暴跌了5%。而在中國商務部的加稅清單出爐當天，波音公司股價在盤前一度又暴跌了6%。
商務部：美方罔顧兩國業界的呼聲和消費者的利益
針對美方公布清單的行為，商務部曾表示，美方不顧中方的嚴正交涉，毫無事實依據，公布徵稅建議，是典型的單邊主義和貿易保護主義做法，中方強烈譴責，堅決反對。
商務部強調，美方行為罔顧40年來中美經貿合作互利共贏的本質，罔顧兩國業界的呼聲和消費者的利益，不利於美國國家利益，不利於中國國家利益，也不利於全球經濟利益。
China fires warning with 25% tariff on Boeing planes, which experts say could hurt manufacturing, travel
China tariff on Boeing planes could hurt travel
Author: Bart Jansen, USA TODAY
Published: 12:52 PM EDT April 4, 2018
Updated: 5:03 PM EDT April 5, 2018
An Air China plane flies in front of the moon as it takes off from Beijing airport on November 10, 2017. GREG BAKER, AFP/Getty Images
Boeing’s popular 737 aircraft appear targeted by part of the $50 billion in tariffs China announced Wednesday amid an escalating trade dispute with the U.S.
Beijing said the timing of the 25% tariff on 106 items will depend on what President Trump does about plans to raise similar charges on Chinese goods.
But for Boeing, the tariff signals a significant charge on one of its largest and growing markets. Boeing’s stock price fell 2.3% to $323 by 1 p.m. Wednesday.
「This was a response that was proportionate but did not escalate. It did not get to the heart of Boeing’s exports,」 said Richard Aboulafia, a vice president at Teal Group who analyzes commercial aviation. 「But if there is retaliation, all bets are off. I』m very concerned.」
Robert Mann, an airline-industry consultant and former airline executive at R.W. Mann and Co., said the trade dispute could hurt airlines more than manufacturers by discouraging business travel along routes that already have too many flights.
「Whether it’s a trade war or more physical than that, it deters the demand for travel,」 Mann said. 「There’s already too much capacity chasing too few passengers at sufficient prices. This will just detract from the existing insufficient demand.」
Boeing issued a statement that said talks between the governments continue, to avoid “drastic measures.”
“While both governments have outlined positions that could do harm to the global aerospace industry, neither has yet imposed these drastic measures,” Boeing said. “We will continue in our own efforts to proactively engage both governments and build on the recent reassurances by U.S. and Chinese leaders that productive talks are ongoing.”
China’s announced tariffs on cars, chemicals and planes came hours after the Trump administration also proposed 25% tariffs totaling $50 billion on 1,300 categories of goods. The threat of a trade war sent stock prices tumbling.
Trump denied a trade war with China in a tweet Wednesday after China’s announcement. The U.S. bought $375 billion more in goods and services from China last year than it sold there, according to the U.S. Commerce Department.
「We are not in a trade war with China, that war was lost many years ago by the foolish, or incompetent, people who represented the U.S.,」 the tweet said.
Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross brushed off concern over a trade war with China.
「What we』re talking about on both sides is a fraction of 1% of both economies,」 he told CNBC.
But if the unscheduled tariffs went into place, they could significantly affect Boeing and travel generally, according to experts.
Boeing projects that China will have a fleet of 8,150 of the world’s nearly 47,000 airliners by 2036.
The Chinese tariff on Boeing’s planes seemed carefully tailored to cover a portion of single-aisle planes weighing up to 100,000 pounds.
The tariff would cover variants of the 737 — the manufacturer’s most popular line — such as the 800 and 900ER versions, and what are called New Generation or NG aircraft. But the tariff doesn’t appear to cover the latest version that Boeing began delivering last year called Max, which is heavier and has been overhauled with more-efficient engine options.
After delivering through the years 1,045 types of 737 aircraft to China, Boeing listed 273 unfilled orders in February. But few are the 737-800 versions subject to the tariff.
The largest pending orders for types of 737 aircraft include 50 for CALC China, which are all Max versions; 83 for China Development Bank, most of which are Max, with five 737-800 versions; 45 for China Southern Airlines, all but two of which are Max; 25 for Donghai Airlines, which are all Max; and 38 for Ruili Airlines, all but two of which are Max.
「It was a glancing blow,」 Aboulafia said. 「It was a carefully calculated response.」
But analysts questioned where the dispute would lead, possibly covering more types of planes or other industries.
「At this point, we need a cool hand on things in the Trump administration, and we』re not sure they』re going to play it cool,」 Aboulafia said.
Mann said the travel industry had hoped for an agreement for unhindered flights between the two countries, called an Open Skies agreement, which seems less likely during a trade dispute.
「It’s going to be one more bit of negative news for Chinese visitation to the U.S., which has been improving,」 Mann said. 「This kind of fisticuffs between the two countries is unlikely to yield an Open Skies agreement any time soon. That’s what everybody was hoping for as the resolution to too much capacity in the U.S. to China market.」