上圖中是Stream類的類結構圖,裏面包含了大部分的中間和終止操作。
- 中間操作主要有以下方法(此類型方法返回的都是Stream):map (mapToInt, flatMap 等)、 filter、 distinct、 sorted、 peek、 limit、 skip、 parallel、 sequential、 unordered
- 終止操作主要有以下方法:forEach、 forEachOrdered、 toArray、 reduce、 collect、 min、 max、 count、 anyMatch、 allMatch、 noneMatch、 findFirst、 findAny、 iterator
舉例說明
首先爲了說明Stream對對象集合的操作,新建一個Student類(學生類),覆寫了equals()和hashCode()方法
public class Student {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public Student() {}
public Student(Long id, String name, int age, String address) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.address = address; }
@Override public String toString() { return “Student{” + “id=” + id + “, name='” + name + ‘\” + “, age=” + age + “, address='” + address + ‘\” + ‘}’; }
@Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Student student = (Student) o; return age == student.age && Objects.equals(id, student.id) && Objects.equals(name, student.name) && Objects.equals(address, student.address); }
@Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(id, name, age, address); }
public Long getId() { return id; }
public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public int getAge() { return age; }
public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
public String getAddress() { return address; }
public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } } 複制代碼filter(篩選)public static void main(String [] args) {
Student s1 = new Student(1L, “肖戰”, 15, “浙江”); Student s2 = new Student(2L, “王一博”, 15, “湖北”); Student s3 = new Student(3L, “楊紫”, 17, “北京”); Student s4 = new Student(4L, “李現”, 17, “浙江”); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4);
List<Student> streamStudents = testFilter(students); streamStudents.forEach(System.out::println); } /** * 集合的篩選 * @param students * @return */ private static List<Student> testFilter(List<Student> students) { //篩選年齡大于15歲的學生 // return students.stream().filter(s -> s.getAge()>15).collect(Collectors.toList()); //篩選住在浙江省的學生 return students.stream().filter(s ->”浙江”.equals(s.getAddress())).collect(Collectors.toList()); } 複制代碼
運行結果:
map就是將對應的元素按照給定的方法進行轉換。
distinct(去重) public static void main(String [] args) {
testDistinct1(); }
/** * 集合去重(基本類型) */ private static void testDistinct1() { //簡單字符串的去重 List<String> list = Arrays.asList(“111″,”222″,”333″,”111″,”222”); list.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println); } 複制代碼
運行結果:
可以看出,兩個重複的“肖戰”同學進行了去重,這不僅因爲使用了distinct()方法,而且因爲Student對象重寫了equals和hashCode()方法,否則去重是無效的。
sorted(排序) public static void main(String [] args) {
testSort1(); }
/** * 集合排序(默認排序) */ private static void testSort1() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList(“333″,”222″,”111”); list.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println); } 複制代碼
運行結果:
上面指定排序規則,先按照學生的id進行降序排序,再按照年齡進行降序排序
limit(限制返回個數) public static void main(String [] args) {
testLimit(); }
/** * 集合limit,返回前幾個元素 */ private static void testLimit() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList(“333″,”222″,”111”); list.stream().limit(2).forEach(System.out::println); } 複制代碼
運行結果:
reduce(聚合) public static void main(String [] args) { testReduce(); } /** * 集合reduce,將集合中每個元素聚合成一條數據 */ private static void testReduce() { List<String> list = Arrays.asList(“歡”,”迎”,”你”); String appendStr = list.stream().reduce(“北京”,(a,b) -> a+b); System.out.println(appendStr); } 複制代碼
運行結果:
上面是求所有學生中年齡最小的一個,max同理,求最大值。
anyMatch/allMatch/noneMatch(匹配) public static void main(String [] args) { testMatch(); }
private static void testMatch() { Student s1 = new Student(1L, “肖戰”, 15, “浙江”); Student s2 = new Student(2L, “王一博”, 15, “湖北”); Student s3 = new Student(3L, “楊紫”, 17, “北京”); Student s4 = new Student(4L, “李現”, 17, “浙江”); List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); students.add(s1); students.add(s2); students.add(s3); students.add(s4); Boolean anyMatch = students.stream().anyMatch(s ->”湖北”.equals(s.getAddress())); if (anyMatch) { System.out.println(“有湖北人”); } Boolean allMatch = students.stream().allMatch(s -> s.getAge()>=15); if (allMatch) { System.out.println(“所有學生都滿15周歲”); } Boolean noneMatch = students.stream().noneMatch(s -> “楊洋”.equals(s.getName())); if (noneMatch) { System.out.println(“沒有叫楊洋的同學”); } } 複制代碼
運行結果