新加坡相關法律問題梳理
一 知識産權相關
(一) the Copyright Act
1.著作權的保護期限
根據the Copyright Act第28條的規定，文學、音樂、戲劇、美術作品或者攝影等藝術作品的著作權的保護期限爲作品創作完成之日至作者死亡後70個公曆年。
2.侵犯著作權的法律責任
根據the Copyright Act第119條的規定，版權方（the owner of the copyright）有權通過向法院起訴的方式主張禁令、損害賠償、利潤。
另外，如果版權方主張法定賠償或者利潤，則給予被侵權的作品或者主題不超過10,000新幣的賠償；但是，如果原告證明上述侵權實際損失不超過200,000新幣，則法定賠償不超過200,000新幣。
（二）the Trade Marks Act
1.商標保護期：自核准注冊之日起10年。
2.馳名商標：the Trade Marks Act也有類似中國商標法中關于馳名商標(well known trade mark)的內容，即在新加坡知名的注冊商標，以及雖然該商標沒有在新加坡注冊，但是該商標屬于巴黎公約或世貿組織成員國的主體所擁有，不論該主體是否使用或有善意使用該商標開展商業活動。
（三）the Patents Act
（四）the Layout-designs of integrated circuits Act
二 反腐敗預防法案
新加坡對各種違法犯罪行爲的處罰十分嚴格，在新加坡經商的公司需要特別注意避免行賄等犯罪。《Prevention of Corruption Act》第2條使用了“Gratification”界定賄賂，此“Gratification”的範圍十分廣泛並且嚴格。
在符合《Prevention of Corruption Act》第 20條及《Penal Code》等規定情形下，公訴機關（the Public Prosecutor）有權查閱犯罪嫌疑人在指定銀行開具的銀行賬戶中的賬簿。
三 交易文件審核重點
新加坡是高度發達的法治社會，公民法律意識很強，在商事活動中對合同的執行非常重視。一旦簽署相關合同，各方務必注意嚴格執行合同條款。
1.簽署主體
中方可以選擇使用中國大陸主體作爲簽約主體，也可以使用在香港或新加坡注冊的主體簽署，主要考慮是否有外幣賬戶；新加坡方一般使用新加坡主體簽署。
示例：This Amendment to the Service Agreement is entered into as of DD MM YY (the “Effective Date”) by and between *** ( “the Party A”), a Singapore incorporated company with its principal place of business at ***.
2.合同期限
作爲委托方(the Client)，一般會明確提前30天書面通知受托方(the Company)終止合同。
示例：The Client may terminate this Consulting Agreement for any reason, or no reason, upon written notice to the Company at least 30 calendar days in advance of the terminate date.
3.服務範圍
一般在合同正文或者附件（Appendix）明確約定服務範圍、要求、彙報形式等（monthly report in writing and detail the activities）。
示例：The services to be performed by Party B under this Agreement and the geographic area in which the services are to be provided are set forth in Appendix A (the “Services”), as the same may be amended from time to time to include any additional Services or geographic areas.
4.雙方的權利義務
在服務/咨詢等合同中應當明確受托方能夠盡最大的商業努力、技能及能力提供服務，並且對接人應當能夠確保聯系方式暢通並可以在任何時間接收到指示。
示例：The Party B represents that in providing the Services that Party B shall use its best efforts, skills and abilities in the performance of the Service and shall ensure that its employees and subcontractor involved in this Agreement shall be contactable and available at all times to receive any and all instructions sent by the Party A.
5.聲明和保證條款（Representations and Warranties of the Parties）
需要注意的是在後續終止條款（Termination for cause）中會約定違反聲明和保證條款時，另一方 有權終止合同並且不承擔任何違約責任。
示例：This Agreement may be terminated without prior notice if either party failure to comply with the warranties set forth herein and no compensation or reimbursement shall be due or payable.
6.費用條款（Compensation and Reimbursement of Expenses）
應在合同中明確費用明細、發票情況、稅費（GST）及支付時限等內容。
示例：The Party A shall pay compensation to the Party B for the Services hereunder in accordance with Appendix A of this Agreement.
7.涉及貨物交付條款
可以約定貨物交付應遵守國際商會（2010年國際貿易術語解釋通則）的規定。示例：The delivery of Goods shall comply with the International Chamber of Commerce (Incoterms 2010) 。一方是賭場運營方（the Casino Operator）,需要在合同中明確取得特殊雇員執照（Special Employee License）。
示例：The Party A shall ensure its employees have a valid Special Employee license to perform any functions of a special employee, as defined in the Casino Control Act (Cap. 33A) and the Casino Control (Licensing of Special Employees) Regulations 2009, in or in relation to the casino.
8.責任限制（Limitation of Liability）
一般情況下，一方會將己方的賠償上限約定爲合同總額並且不承擔間接賠償。
示例：The liability of the Party A for damages allegedly incurred by Party B arising out of, or in connection with the Agreement shall be strictly limited to the fees as explicitly set forth herein. In no event Party A be liable for any indirect, incidental or punitive damages arising out of claims made against Party A.
9.個人數據保護條款
如果合同中涉及個人數據收集、使用或披露，接收方應同意遵守PDPA的相關內容。
示例：Both Parties agree and undertake to comply with the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (Act 26 of 2012) ,its regulations and guidelines.
10.知識産權條款
作爲委托方，受托方根據委托方的書面要求或指示創作的工作成果的知識産權成果歸屬于委托方。但是，在逐漸增多的交易場景下，知識産權的約定不再是簡單的一分爲二，更多的時候需要明確各自背景知識産權的歸屬、因項目産生知識産權的歸屬及其使用授權等。
11.關于禁止非法雇傭的約定
一般需要明確雙方承諾不存在非法雇傭外籍員工的情形，包括不存在雇傭《移民法案》（Immigration Act Cap. 133）規定的非法入境的人員以及雇傭《外籍勞工雇傭法案》（Employment of Foreign Worker Act Cap 91A）規定的未取得工作許可的人員等情形。
示例：Neither party shall employ an illegal foreign worker who has not lawfully entered or has remained in Singapore in contravention of the Immigration Act (Cap. 133) or is employed by an employer without a valid work permit in contravention of the Employment of Foreign Worker Act (Cap. 91 A).
12.法律適用及爭議解決
一般約定適用新加坡法律（This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Singapore without regard to its conflict of the laws and provisions.）。
因協議存在、效力、終止、執行産生的爭議可以選擇由新加坡法院管轄裁決，據調查數據顯示，新加坡國際仲裁中心被公認爲世界上最好的仲裁機構行列，加之考慮到仲裁機構的保密性較好，所以在一些協議中，也普遍存在後庭雙方選擇通過新加坡國際仲裁中心解決糾紛的情況（be referred to and finally resolved by Singapore International Arbitration Center “SIAC” in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of Singapore International Arbitration Center “SIAC Rules” for the time being in force）.
13.語言
如果采用中英文擬定，需要明確以哪個版本爲准。
示例：This NDA is executed in the English and Chinese Language. In the event of any discrepancy between the two version, the English version shall prevail.
四 拓展閱讀
1.新加坡簡介
新加坡共和國（the Republic of Singapore）簡稱新加坡，別稱獅城，首都是新加坡市（Singapore City）。新加坡使用東八區區時，官方語言包括英語、馬來語、華語、泰米爾語，法定貨幣是新加坡元（S$，Singapore Dollar）。新加坡知名學府包括新加坡國立大學（National University of Singapore, “NUS”）和新加坡南洋理工大學（Nanyang Technological University，“NTU”）。
2.法律體系
新加坡現行法律體系以英美普通法爲基礎，法律淵源包括成文法、判例法和習慣法。
3.法院體系
新加坡法院承襲了英國司法法院的傳統。新加坡最高法院（the Supreme Court）審理民事和刑事案件，由上訴法院（the Court of Appeal）和高等法院（the High Court）組成。上訴法院主要審理針對高等法院判決上訴的民事和刑事案件。新加坡另有District Court （社區法庭）or Magistrate’s Court（治安法庭）。
五 參考資料
Singapore Statute Online
https://sso.agc.gov.sg
Singapore International Arbitration Center
http://www.siac.org.sg
Singapore Supreme Court
https://www.supremecourt.gov.sg
AGC (Attorney General’s Chambers)
https://www.agc.gov.sg/our-roles/drafter-of-laws/the-legislative-process
Ministry of Manpower
https://www.mom.gov.sg
SAL (Singapore Law Watch)
https://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/
Department of Statistics Singapore
https://www.singstat.gov.sg
Intellectual Property Office of Singapore
https://www.ipos.gov.sg
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore
https://www.gov.sg
Ministry of Law
https://www.mlaw.gov.sg
Monetary Authority of Singapore
https://www.mas.gov.sg
Personal data protection commission
https://www.pdpc.gov.sg
走出去服務平台
http://fec.mofcom.gov.cn/article/gbdqzn/
Singapore Exchange
https://www.sgx.com
Building and Construction Aurthority
https://www.bca.gov.sg/eBACS/
六 法律法規
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CONS1963
Penal Code
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PC1871
Prevention of Corruption Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PCA1960
Civil Law Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CLA1909
Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CRTPA2001
Government Procurement Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GPA1997
Building Control Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BCA1989
Personal Data Protection Act 2012
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PDPA2012
Copyright Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA1987
Layout-designs of integrated circuits Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LDICA1999
Trade Marks Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/TMA1998
Patents Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PA1994
Holidays Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/HA1998
Immigration Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1959
Employment Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EmA1968
Employment Agencies Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EAA1958
Employment of Foreign Manpower Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/EFMA1990
Industrial Relations Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IRA1960
Work Injury Compensation Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WICA1975
Insurance Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IA1966
Goods and Services Tax Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/GSTA1993
Legal Profession Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/LPA1966
Customs Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CA1960
Casino Control Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CCA2006
Postal Services Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PSA1999
Free Trade Zones Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/FTZA1966
Regulation of Import and Export Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/RIEA1995
Arbitration Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AA2001
International Arbitration Act
https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IAA1994
七 律所
Allen & Gledhill 艾倫格禧律師事務所
Lee & Lee 李和李律師事務所
Rajah & Tann 新加坡立傑律師事務所 https://sg.rajahtannasia.com/contact-us
Drew & Napier 德尊律師事務所
Dentons 大成新加坡律師事務所 https://dentons.rodyk.com/en
