近日，新加坡考古部門表示在新加坡海域發現了兩艘古沉船。
沉船內有大量手工藝品，其中包括許多精美的中國14世紀青花瓷器。經勘測，這兩艘古船，可能是全球範圍內迄今爲止發現的載有最多青花瓷器的沉船。
Two centuries-old shipwrecks loaded with Chinese blue and white ceramics and other artifacts have been found off Pedra Branca, a rocky outcrop east of Singapore, according to local reports on June 16.
新加坡考古人員正在海底打撈沉船文物 Photo of a Singaporean archaeologist working on undersea excavation
據報道，2015年在新加坡海上作業的潛水員意外發現幾塊陶瓷板，隨後第一艘沉船被發現。
緊接著，新加坡國家遺産委員會委托ISEAS-Yusof Ishak 研究所考古部門對沉船展開挖掘和研究工作，並于2019年在沉船不遠處發現了第二艘沉船。
The first wreck was discovered after divers accidentally came across ceramic plates in 2015. Later, the National Heritage Board in Singapore and think tank the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute (ISEAS) started undersea excavation on the wreck, which led to the discovery of another shipwreck nearby in 2019.
新加坡發現兩艘海底沉船，內有大量中國古瓷器 Large quantities of Chinese porcelain wares were salvaged from the wrecks.
考古研究人員發現，兩艘沉船來自不同時代。第一艘沉船包含大量中國陶瓷，可能追溯到14世紀，當時的新加坡以淡馬錫著稱。
瓷器主要包括龍泉窯的盤、碗和罐子，以及元代蓮花牡丹紋青花瓷碗殘片。據ISEAS-Yusof Ishak 研究所研究員邁克爾·弗萊克表示，這艘沉船攜帶的青花瓷非常多，數量驚人，許多産品都很罕見，其中一件可謂是獨一無二。
The first wreck was carrying Chinese ceramics that possibly date back to the 14th century, when Singapore was known as Temasek. The ceramics include plates, bowls and a pot of Longquan Kiln, as well as a large number of blue and white pieces made in the Yuan Dynasty. “Many of the pieces are rare, and one is believed to be unique,” said Michael Flecker, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute’s archaeology unit.
新加坡沉船出水的各類瓷器 Kinds of porcelain wares were salvaged from the shipwrecks.
而第二艘沉船可能是一艘商船，可追溯到18世紀，約于1796年從中國返回印度途中沉沒。
沉船出水文物包括一系列中國陶瓷，比如繪有龍紋圖案的罐子碎片、陶制鴨子、觀音頭像、歡喜佛像以及品種繁多的陶瓷藝術品，還有銅合金、玻璃砂瑪瑙制品等手工藝品，以及四只船錨和九門大炮。
The second shipwreck was believed to a merchant vessel that sank in 1796 while sailing from China to India. Items recovered from it ranged from Chinese ceramics to glass and agate objects, as well four anchors and nine cannons.
新加坡沉船出水文物 Other artifacts including glass and agate objects were salvaged from the wreck.
這些大炮通常安裝在18世紀和19世紀初東印度公司雇用的商船上，主要用于防禦目的和發出信號。
Such cannons were typically mounted on merchant ships employed by the East India Company –the trading behemoth through which the British empire expanded in Asia – in the 18th and 19th centuries.
新加坡國家遺産委員會表示，兩艘沉船的發掘研究工作仍在進行，計劃在年底完成沉船複原清理工作，並在博物館裏對公衆展出。
The National Heritage Board of Singapore stressed that the survey and recovery of artifacts from the two wrecks are still underway and will be completed at the end of this year.
此外，沉船發現的一些文物與新加坡陸地考古發現的一些工藝品極爲相似。
例如，第一艘沉船中的龍泉青瓷器皿與早先在福康甯公園出土的器皿相匹配，兩者都帶有雙魚圖案。這表明，早在1819年英國殖民者到來之前，新加坡就已經是一個繁華的貿易中心。
Some of the items were similar to artifacts found in archaeological digs on land of the nation, which showed that Singapore was a trading hub well before the arrival of British colonizers in 1819.
新加坡沉船出水的龍泉窯瓷器 Longquan Kiln wares found on the first shipwreck
新加坡，地處于東南亞半島區和群島區水域，扼守連接南海和印度洋的海上交通要道——馬六甲海峽的咽喉地帶。它不僅是東南亞地區海上交通的十字路口，也是長期以來東西方海洋貿易必經的航行樞紐，擁有很多的海絲文化遺産。
Located in the waters of the Southeast Asian Peninsula and the archipelago region, Singapore has long been a key trading hub on global shipping routes connecting the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.
Editor: Yuan
Source: 央視新聞客戶端、https://www.dawn.com、https://phys.org