走進新加坡Equinix的SG5數據中心
Inside Equinix’s SG5, Singapore’s tallest multi-tenant data center
譯 者 說
Equinix作爲全球知名數據中心運營商，目前的發展戰略聚焦在業務的可持續性方面，其致力于全球數據中心平台上100%利用可再生能源。新設施SG5數據中心配備了Equinix冷卻陣列的表面冷卻技術，減少了水源和電力的消耗，可以滿足高密度業務類型的需求，符合數據中心低PUE和高效節能創新發展的戰略方針。研究全球高性能的數據中心對于我國數據中心行業的發展具有借鑒意義。
Equinix最新的數據中心有九層樓，還不包括用于燃料的地下儲罐。
Equinix’s newest data center spans nine stories, not counting underground storage tanks for fuel.
從2002年開始運營的Equinix公司在新加披數據中心行業內小有名氣。在這過去的20年裏，該公司在新加坡這個島國上已穩步發展到了五個數據中心，最新的一個數據中心是去年才投入使用的。
Equinix is no stranger to the data center hub of Singapore, where it has been operating since 2002. In the intervening two decades, it has steadily grown its portfolio of data centers in the island state to five facilities, with the newest launched.
以最初投資1.44億美元建設、于2022年8月投入使用的、九層樓高的SG5是新加披最高的數據中心——至少在緊鄰SG5的Facebook的11層樓高的數據中心建成之前是這樣的。
Constructed with an initial investment of $144 million, and opened in August 2022, the nine-story SG5 is the tallest data center in Singapore – at least until Facebook’s mammoth 11-story facility goes live, virtually next door.
即使Facebook的數據中心投入使用了，在這個數據中心密集、且數據中心用電占可用電力資源7%的國家，SG5依舊是租戶最多的企業。
Even when the Facebook tower opens, SG5 will still be the tallest multi-tenant facility in the data center-dense nation, where data centers consume a staggering seven percent of the available electrical power.
爲何SG5如此重要
Why SG5 matters
SG5的名氣不僅來自其建築高度。它是Equinix在新加坡建設的第五個數據中心、也是它在新加坡建設的第二個綠色數據中心。Equinix在2015年投入使用了第一個綠色數據中心SG3。兩者之間有著明顯的不同。
SG5 is noteworthy for more than its height. It’s Equinix’s fifth data center in Singapore, but only its second greenfield facility here. Its first greenfield, SG3, launched in 2015, and there are clear differences between the two.
了解當前Equinix如何在一個土地資源稀缺的熱帶地區設計數據中心，是一個有意思的話題。
It would be interesting to see how Equinix would design a data center for a tropical, land-scarce location if it started on a new project today.
另外一個關于SG5的重要的事實是，它是在2019年暫停新建數據中心政策發布前獲批建設的。雖然今年取消了此暫停令，但新建的數據中心將受限于大量的關于PUE及能源創新使用方面的指導方針。盡管這些規定尚未完善，但可以肯定地是，未來數據中心將會發生較大的變化。
Another significant fact about SG5 is it was approved before a moratorium on new data centers in 2019. Though the moratorium was lifted this year, new data centers will now be subject to a raft of guidelines around PUE and innovation around energy use. Though the rules are still being ironed out, it is safe to say that future data centers will be quite different.
如果不了解新加坡國內Equinix其它數據中心的概況，就難以完成對SG5數據中心的研究。Equinix聲稱它在新加坡擁有最密集的網絡數據中心，且容納了大量連接南亞的國際和地區的網絡。
An exploration of SG5 won’t be complete without an overview of the other Equinix data centers in the country. Equinix claims that it hosts the most network-dense data centers in Singapore, housing many of the international and regional networks connecting South Asia.
這其中大部分研究可能要追溯到Equinix公司位于亞逸拉惹灣的SG1數據中心。該中心是亞太網絡運營中心，且經常在當地電信供應商和競爭對手的展示平台上以“運營商旅店”的標簽匿名出現。
Much of this can probably be traced to Equinix’s SG1 data center at Ayer Rajah Crescent, which houses its Asia-Pacific Network Operation Center (NOC) and is often anonymized with the tag of “carrier hotel” on the presentation decks of local telecommunication providers and competitors alike.
雖然從數據中心的周期來看，SG1已經很老舊了，它通過一個專用光纖通道連接到緊鄰的、更大且專門建造的SG3數據中心。最重要的是，所有Equinix的數據中心都是跨越島嶼的都市區域網絡的一部分，均使用環形拓撲結構以避免單點故障。
Though SG1 is old in data center terms, it is supported by fiber optic connectivity that goes under a driveway to the larger, purpose-built SG3 right next door. Crucially, all Equinix data centers are part of an island-spanning metropolitan area network, built using a ring topology for protection against a single point of failure.
走進Equinix SG數據中心
Inside Equinix SG5
去年，在新加坡放松新冠疫情管控的限制後不久，DCD受邀參觀了SG5數據中心。其位于Sunview Drive的Tanjong Kling數據中心園區內，與即將建成的Facebook的數據中心隔街相望，毗鄰2016年參觀過的印尼電信的Telin 3。
DCD was invited to visit SG5 last year, as Covid restrictions eased in Singapore and shortly after its official launch. Located in the Tanjong Kling data center park at Sunview Drive, the new facility is right across the street from Facebook’s upcoming data center and adjacent to Telecom Indonesia’s Telin 3, which we toured in 2016.
SG5所在的位置方便設計師結合其位置特點來提高系統的可靠性和安全性，例如可以充分將三個光纖路徑用于不同的連接。和新加坡所有的新數據中心一樣，該建築符合新加坡金融管理局(MAS)的威脅和脆弱性風險評估(TVRA)指南。
SG5’s location in a data center park allowed designers to incorporate features to enhance reliability and security, such as its three fiber paths for diverse connectivity. And like all new data centers in Singapore, the building is compliant with the Threat and Vulnerability Risk Assessment (TVRA) guidelines from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).
院落的入口處有一座獨立的安全大樓，供安全人員核實訪客的身份。大樓前面有一個小型私人停車場，你可以穿過它進入大樓。
The compound is fronted by a standalone security building at the entrance for security personnel to verify the identities of visitors. There is a small private car park in front of the building, which you cross to enter the building.
據Equinix公司所說，SG5建設初期可以提供1300個機櫃的初始容量，最近擴展到了2950機櫃的容量。等全面建設完畢，SG5預計可以容納5000個機櫃。SG5的數據機房位于一層和頂層的9層之間，即意味著SG5有7層可以存放數據機櫃。
According to Equinix, the first phase saw SG5 offering an initial capacity of 1,300 cabinets, which was recently expanded to 2,950 cabinets. When fully built, SG5 will hold 5,000 cabinets. Data halls are located between the ground level and the roof at level nine, giving it seven floors worth of data halls.
SG5數據中心由雙冗余66kV電源供電，由專爲數據中心園區建設的變電站供電。據了解，2層至4層數據機房總共可以提供的電量達到21MW。而其余4層數據機房按照每層最大可提供3MW電量設計。
The facility is powered by dual redundant 66kV power feeds, supplied from dedicated substations built to serve the data center park. It is understood that level 2 through to level 4 offers 21MW of power in total, while the next four levels are designed to support up to 3MW per floor.
複雜的設計
Sophisticated design
SG5數據中心的設計顯然最大限度地利用了大樓的每一寸空間：備用發電機和高效水冷式制冷機組分別安裝在屋頂的上下兩層。采用地下儲油罐爲備用發電機供給柴油，且後備電源采用锂電池的UPS——這種電池比傳統的鉛酸蓄電池占地面積更小。
SG5 was clearly designed to maximize every inch of its compound: Backup generators and high-efficiency water-cooled chillers are installed on the roof, which comes with upper and lower levels. The diesel fuel for powering the backup generators is stored underground, while backup power is supplied from lithium-ion UPS – which have a smaller footprint than traditional lead-acid batteries.
數據機房中有一個很有意思的設置：每層的兩個數據機房都用風扇牆冷卻，Equinix稱之爲Equinix冷卻陣列。它們占據了每個數據大廳的整個長度，被定位爲熱通道和冷通道部署的一部分。
Things get interesting inside the data halls: each of the two data halls on each level is cooled with a fan wall, which Equinix calls the Equinix Cooling Array. These take up the entire length of each data hall and are positioned as part of a hot-aisle and cold-aisle deployment.
此外，Equinix取消架空地板的設計，各層加到一起大概節省了6.5米板到板的高度，這使得在建築的高度限制內可以增加更多的樓層，且不影響其支持高機架的能力。
In addition, Equinix has eschewed a raised floor design altogether, which together with a slab-to-slab height of 6.5m presumably allowed for more floors within the building’s height restriction without compromising its ability to support tall racks.
Equinix公司表示，Equinix的冷卻陣列可以支持高密度功率的客戶，同時減少水電消耗的需求。毫無疑問，這對于傾向于推出更標准化系統的超大規模數據中心來說是最優的配置，但缺點是需要對機櫃功率需求較小的托管客戶進行更精細的規劃和空間分配。
Equinix says its Equinix Cooling Array supports high-density customers whilst reducing water and power consumption needs. But though there is no question that this is optimal for hyperscalers which tend to roll out more standardized systems, the downside is the need for more careful planning and allocation of space for smaller colocation customers.
未來的發展趨勢
The shape of things to come
Equinix南亞區董事總經理Yee May Leong表示，與由倉庫改造而成的SG4不同，SG5從最開始的地基階段就就是按照數據中心來考慮設計的，這意味著它的空間、高度和各種技術規格都達到了優配。
Unlike SG4 which was converted from a warehouse, the foundation of SG5 was designed from the very beginning to be a data center, which means its space, height, and various technical specifications are optimized, says Yee May Leong, the managing director of South Asia at Equinix.
當被問及Equinix冷卻陣列時，Leong指出，這是Equinix可持續發展研究的一個創新。她補充說:“我們一直在關注我們設計和施工的方方面面，以思考我們如何能更快、更高效以及更節能地建造它。
When asked about the Equinix Cooling Array, Leong noted that it was an example of a creation that came out of Equinix’s sustainability research. She added: “We are constantly looking at our design and construction to review how we can build it faster, more efficiently, [and with higher] energy savings.”
事實上，Equinix公司關注可持續性已經有一段時間了。之前也曾透露過：自2020年以來，該公司在新加坡開始全部使用可再生能源投入建設。Leong迫切地強調了數據中心爲今天的數字經濟帶來的價值。另外她也強調並不是所有的數據中心都是一樣的，她把超大規模且獨立運營的供應商和零售托管供應商區分開來。
Indeed, Equinix has had its eyes on sustainability for a while now and had previously revealed that it has operated with 100 percent renewable energy in Singapore since 2020. Leong was eager to highlight the value that data centers bring to today’s digital economy in general, though she also emphasized that not all data centers are the same, drawing a distinction between hyperscale facilities operated by a single provider and retail colocation providers.
在這種情況下，Leong認爲：Equinix的使命是爲每一個“零售數據中心”提供穩健的數字生態系統和基本的服務。
In that vein, Leong sees Equinix’s mission as an “everyday retail data center” to power the digital ecosystems and essential services.
Leong也表示：“鑒于暫停禁令的發布：對于我們的目標客戶而言，我們是有戰略優勢的。我們希望可以確保這些客戶繼續幫助推動數字經濟，他們不僅僅是爲了托管運營，更是與我們的雲連接，與我們的商業夥伴連接，與網絡和不同的企業連接。”
“[Given the moratorium], we are very strategic in terms of the customers we want. We want to ensure that these are customers that will help continue to enable the digital economy, [that they are not here] just for colocation, but [are here to] interconnect to our clouds, interconnect to our business partners, interconnect to the network and the different enterprises,” she said.
暫停禁令雖已正式解除，但現在看來這些限制也意味著Leong的預言很有可能成爲現實。
The moratorium has since been officially lifted, but the restrictions mean that Leong’s words are probably just as true now.
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