特朗普公布移民新計劃演講
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Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you. Please. Thank you. Thank you very much.
We’re here on this very beautiful spring day in the Rose Garden to unveil our plan to create a fair, modern, and lawful system of immigration for the United States. And it’s about time. (Applause.)
If adopted, our plan will transform America’s immigration system into the pride of our nation and the envy of the modern world. Our proposal builds upon our nation’s rich history of immigration, while strengthening the bonds of citizenship that bind us together as a national family.
Throughout our history, we have proudly welcomed newcomers to our shores. Out of many people, from many places, we have forged one people and one nation under God, and we’re very proud of it. (Applause.) We share the same home, we share the same destiny, and we pledge allegiance to the same, great American flag. (Applause.)
Our policies have turbo-charged our economy. Now, we must implement an immigration system that will allow our citizens to prosper for generations to come.
Today, we are presenting a clear contrast: Democrats are proposing open borders, lower wages, and, frankly, lawless chaos. We are proposing an immigration plan that puts the jobs, wages, and safety of American workers first. (Applause.)
Our proposal is pro-American, pro-immigrant, and pro-worker. It’s just common sense. It will help all of our people, including millions of devoted immigrants, to achieve the American Dream.
We are grateful to be joined this afternoon by a tremendous number of people from the House, the Senate, and my Cabinet. And I love you all, but I won’t introduce you all because I’ll be here all day long. (Laughter.) But you’re all here.
Our plan achieves two critical goals. First, it stops illegal immigration and fully secures the border. And, second, it establishes a new legal immigration system that protects American wages, promotes American values, and attracts the best and brightest from all around the world.
The proposal begins with the most complete and effective border security package ever assembled by our country — or any other country, for that matter. (Applause.) It’s so important.
This plan was not developed, I’m sorry to say, by politicians. We have a lot of politicians. But you respect the people and you know the people that have developed this plan. It was designed with significant input from our great law enforcement professionals to detail what they need to make our border — which is 100 percent operationally secure. One hundred percent.
Everyone agrees that the physical infrastructure on the border and the ports of entry is gravely underfunded and woefully inadequate. We scan only a small fraction of the vehicles, goods, and all of the other things coming across, including people. And, sadly, the drugs pour across our border. We’re going to stop it.
Investment in technology will ensure we can scan 100 percent of everything coming through, curbing the flow of drugs and contraband, while speeding up legal trade and commerce. It’s the most heavily traded — monetarily — border anywhere in the world, and it’s not even close.
To make certain that we are constantly making the upgrades we need, our proposal creates a permanent and self-sustaining border security trust fund. This will be financed by the fees and revenues generated at the border crossings itself.
Importantly, we’re already building the wall, and we should have close to 400 miles built by the end of next year, and probably even more than that. It’s going up very rapidly. (Applause.)
And I want to thank the Army Corps of Engineers. They’re doing a fantastic job on the wall. And that’s a wall that is desperately needed.
As we close the gaps in our physical framework, we must also close the gaps in our legal framework. Critical to ending the border crisis is removing all incentives for smuggling women and children. Current law — (applause). That’s right. That’s right. Women and children. People have no idea how bad it is unless you’re there, and unless you are a member of law enforcement. They see it every day, and they can’t believe what they see.
Current law and federal court rulings encourage criminal organizations to smuggle children across the border. The tragic result is that 65 percent of all border-crossers this year were either minors or adults traveling with minors. Our plan will change the law to stop the flood of child smuggling and to humanely reunite unaccompanied children with their families back home — and rapidly. As soon as possible. (Applause.)
We must also restore the integrity of our broken asylum system. Our nation has a proud history of affording protection to those fleeing government persecutions. Unfortunately, legitimate asylum seekers are being displaced by those lodging frivolous claims — these are frivolous claims — to gain admission into our country.
Asylum abuse also strains our public school systems, our hospitals, and local shelters, using funds that we should, and that have to, go to elderly veterans, at-risk youth, Americans in poverty, and those in genuine need of protection. We’re using the funds that should be going to them. And that shouldn’t happen. And it’s not going to happen in a very short period of time. Have to get this approved.
My plan expedites relief for legitimate asylum seekers by screening out the meritless claims. If you have a proper claim, you will quickly be admitted; if you don’t, you will promptly be returned home.
Crucially — (applause) — our plan closes loopholes in federal law to make clear that gang members and criminals are inadmissible. These are some of the worst people anywhere in the world — MS-13 and others. Inadmissible. Not coming in. We’re taking them out all the time by the thousands, a year, but they come in. They are no longer admissible. And for criminals already here, we will ensure their swift deportation. (Applause.)
We will keep our communities safe. Americans can have complete and total confidence that under this plan, the borders will finally be fully and totally secured. (Applause.)
And I know a number of our Republican friends and others — Lindsey, I see you sitting right there, and Steve, you’re working on a plan — an immediate plan. A smaller plan, but a very immediate plan to stop it as of this afternoon. So, as fast as you can get something done. This is the big, beautiful, bold plan, but we need something very quickly. And if you can get it done, that would be fantastic. Okay? Thank you. (Applause.) Appreciate you working on it.
A topic of less discussion in national media, but of vital importance to our country, is our legal immigration system itself. Our plan includes a sweeping modernization of our dysfunctional legal immigration process. It is totally dysfunctional. The system will finally be fair, transparent, and promote equality and opportunity for all.
Every year, we admit 1.1 million immigrants as permanent legal residents. These green card holders get lifetime authorization to live and work here and a five-year path to American citizenship. This is the most prized citizenship anywhere in the world, by far.
Currently, 66 percent of legal immigrants come here on the basis of random chance. They’re admitted solely because they have a relative in the United States. And it doesn’t really matter who that relative is. Another 21 percent of immigrants are issued either by random lottery, or because they are fortunate enough to be selected for humanitarian relief.
Random selection is contrary to American values and blocks out many qualified potential immigrants from around the world who have much to contribute. While countless — and you wouldn’t believe how many countries, like Canada, create a clear path for top talent. America does not.
Under the senseless rules of the current system, we’re not able to give preference to a doctor, a researcher, a student who graduated number one in his class from the finest colleges in the world — anybody. We’re not able to take care of it. We’re not able to make those incredible breakthroughs. If somebody graduates top of their class from the best college, sorry, go back to your country. We want to keep them here.
Companies are moving offices to other countries because our immigration rules prevent them from retaining highly skilled and even, if I might, totally brilliant people. We discriminate against genius. We discriminate against brilliance. We won’t anymore, once we get this passed. And we hope to get it passed as soon as possible. (Applause.)
Some of the most skilled students at our world-class universities are going back home because they have no relatives to sponsor them here in the United States. And that’s the only way. We want these exceptional students and workers to stay, and flourish, and thrive in America. (Applause.) Thank you.
As a result of our broken rules, the annual green card flow is mostly low-wage and low-skilled. Newcomers compete for jobs against the most vulnerable Americans and put pressure on our social safety net and generous welfare programs.
Only 12 percent of legal immigrants are selected based on skill or based on merit. In countries like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand — and others — that number is closer to 60 and even 70 and 75 percent, in some cases.
The biggest change we make is to increase the proportion of highly skilled immigration from 12 percent to 57 percent, and we’d like to even see if we can go higher. (Applause.) This will bring us in line with other countries and make us globally competitive.
At the same time, we prioritize the immediate family of new Americans — spouses and children. The loved ones you choose to build a life with, we prioritize. And we have to do that. They go right to the front of the line. Right to the front of the line, where they should be. (Applause.)
America’s last major overhaul of our legal admissions policy was 54 years ago. Think of that. So a major update — and that’s what this is: merit system and a heart system — is long overdue.
The millions of legal immigrants who have come to America over the past half century are now cherished members of our national family. Going forward — (applause) — it is their interest, and in their interest, and their children’s interest, to adopt a green card system that promotes a rising standard of living for all of our citizens.
Three in four new jobs at the end of last year went to Americans previously out of the workforce. Our economy is better probably than it ever has been in the history of our country. (Applause.) And because of that great economy, we’re able to do things that nobody ever thought possible before, and that’s what we’re going to do for immigration, finally.
Wages are rising but our current immigration system works at cross-purposes, placing downward pressure on wages for the working class, which is what we don’t want to do.
Last year, we also passed historic criminal justice reform. (Applause.) And we had tremendous backing — bipartisan — from Democrats, Republicans, conservatives, liberals. I guess we could also use the word “progressives.” A new word that’s come about.
Americans with criminal records are getting a second chance at life in higher numbers than ever before. Unfortunately, the current immigration rules allow foreign workers to substitute for Americans seeking entry-level jobs. So, foreign workers are coming in and they’re taking the jobs that would normally go to American workers.
America’s immigration system should bring in people who will expand opportunity for striving, low-income Americans, not to compete with those low-income Americans. (Applause.)
Our proposal fulfills our sacred duty to those living here today, while ensuring America remains a welcoming country to immigrants joining us tomorrow. And we want immigrants coming in. We cherish the open door that we want to create for our country, but a big proportion of those immigrants must come in through merit and skill. (Applause.)
The White House plan makes no change to the number of green cards allocated each year. But instead of admitting people through random chance, we will establish simple, universal criteria for admission to the United States. No matter where in the world you’re born, no matter who your relatives are, if you want to become an American citizen, it will be clear exactly what standard we ask you to achieve. It will be made crystal clear. (Applause.)
This will increase the diversity of immigration flows into our country. We will replace the existing green card categories with a new visa, the Build America visa — which is what we all want to hear. (Applause.)
Like Canada and so many other modern countries, we create an easy-to-navigate points-based selection system. You will get more points for being a younger worker, meaning you will contribute more to our social safety net. You will get more points for having a valuable skill, an offer of employment, an advanced education, or a plan to create jobs.
We lose people that want to start companies, and, in many cases, they’re forced to leave our country; go back, usually, to the country where they came from; and they’ll start up companies, and some of those companies are among the biggest and most successful companies today in the world. They could’ve started them right here in the United States, where they wanted to do it in the first place. Now they’ll have a chance. (Applause.)
Priority will also be given to higher-wage workers, ensuring we never undercut American labor. To protect benefits for American citizens, immigrants must be financially self-sufficient.
Finally, to promote integration, assimilation, and national unity, future immigrants will be required to learn English and to pass a civics exam prior to admission. (Applause.)
Through these steps, we will deliver an immigration system that respects, and even strengthens, our culture, our traditions, and our values.
Four months ago, I had the honor of participating in a swearing-in ceremony for new Americans, right here in the Oval Office. It was a beautiful reminder that American citizenship is the most precious gift our nation has to offer. When we swear in new citizens, we do more than give them a permit; we give them a history, a heritage, a home, and a future of limitless possibilities and potential.
Our nation used to pride ourselves on this capacity: our unique ability to instill the spirit of America into any human heart, into any human being. Many of the Democrats have claimed to be for these concepts at different times in their careers and, in many cases, in very recent history. And I hope that they will end up joining me and all of the people gathered together today in putting politics aside, putting security and wages first, and pursuing these historic reforms. It’s time. (Applause.)
And if for some reason — possibly political — we can’t get the Democrats to approve this merit-based, high-security plan, then we will get it approved immediately after the election, when we take back the House, keep the Senate, and, of course, hold the presidency. (Applause.) Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much.
But wouldn’t it be nice to do it sooner than that? (Laughter.) But it’s not a very long time, is it? Sixteen months.
One of the reasons we will win is because of our strong, fair, and pro-America immigration policy. It’s time to restore our national unity and reaffirm our national purpose. It is time to rebuild our country for all Americans.
Together, we will create an immigration system to make America safer, and stronger, and greater than ever before.
Thank you. God bless you all. Thank you very much.
川普在白宮玫瑰花園正式對外公布了受他認可的綜合移民改革提案，比起之前國會議員你一言我一語零散的改革提案、或者白宮曾經給過的各種版本改革指導大綱，白宮終于拿出了一套集綜合指導與細化內容與一體的相對綜合的移民改革方案，改革內容主要集中在：
每年約110萬張綠卡總數量不變，大規模調整綠卡分配比例；
大幅度增長高學曆、高技能背景的職業移民配額；
取消多元化綠卡抽簽項目(diversity-visa lottery);
縮減親屬移民綠卡配額，只能爲配偶子女申請移民；
減少難民、庇護綠卡數量；
將受教育程度、英語水平、以及擁有高新工作作爲綠卡名額分配的重點考量標准
具體改革方案：千呼萬喚始出來
這份綜合性移民改革提案，由川普女婿Jared Kushner主導、白宮移民事務顧問Stephen Miller配合完成，主要分爲兩大部分，美國合法移民改革以及打擊非法移民保衛美國邊境安全。
圖中爲Jared Kushner Stephen Miller，版權屬于原作者
合法移民改革
大幅度調整移民配給制度
目前美國移民簽證分配中，僅有12%左右的移民是因爲高技能而獲得綠卡，22%的綠卡分配給了難民、庇護者以及綠卡抽簽，有近66%的綠卡都分配給了親屬移民，川普計劃改變這種現狀。
在新改革方案中，擁有高技能、通過職業雇傭方式的移民綠卡配比將激增至57%甚至更高；33%的名額留給核心親屬(僅包括配偶和子女)，並且提前這類申請的優先級別；10%的名額留給人道主義原因申請者。
全面推行移民申請打分制
實行移民申請打分制度(merit-based)，綠卡申請者需要參加考試(Civics Test)，依據學曆、年齡、健康狀況、英語水平、在美國投資狀況、是否有美國公司的雇傭offer等條件進行。
川普政府認爲這種改革可以大幅度提高美國移民的受教育程度，如果按照這樣的方式篩選移民，未來美國移民將會有7成擁有本科或以上的高等學曆，也將會大幅度地將移民的平均年薪從現在的$43,000提升至$96,000。
爲“高技能”移民設立特殊簽證
新提案中對“高技能”(high skilled)進行分類，其中包括具有傑出能力的人才(extraordinary talent)，美國急需的專業人才(professional and specialized vocation)，以及傑出學生(exceptional students)，傑出學生將被允許在美國高校就讀期間就提出移民申請。
符合這三類別的高技能人才將可以申請一種新的簽證類別——建設美國綠卡(Build America Visa)，名字聽上去有些俗氣，不是內容還是挺有吸引力的。
取消多元化綠卡抽簽
多元化綠卡抽簽制度(visa lottery)應該是川普最最最不待見的綠卡種類之一了，每年5萬張綠卡全憑運氣分配給各國移民申請者，對申請人的學曆、財力、犯罪記錄做最最初級篩選。職業移民帶著家屬一年才分配14萬張綠卡，每年如此隨意任性地給出5萬張綠卡，這樣好嗎？
非法移民
打擊非法移民這部分主要內容圍繞在美墨邊境，進一步將強邊境防範，從源頭上阻斷非法移民進入美國的途徑；另外庇護申請得以保留，但從各個維度進行限制、提高申請門檻。
那新加坡有哪些途徑申請永久居民呢？
投資移民
GIP
在新加坡移民政策多次改變後，目前，全球商業者計劃（GIP）是唯一可直接獲取PR的方式。這一計劃，需要擁有豐富的商業經曆和成功的商業背景。
投資多少錢？
方案 A：250萬新幣建立新的商業實體，或者擴充現有的商業運營。
方案 B：投資至少250萬新幣給一支全球商業投資者計劃基金。
（目前新幣對人民幣彙率約爲4.79:1）
申請要求：
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必須擁有三年（或以上）的創業經曆
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提供三年的財務報告（采用的會計事務所必須在新加坡政府的指定列表裏）
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涉及領域要符合新加坡的要求
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最近一年的營業額達5千萬新幣，三年來平均營業額也至少有5千萬新幣
GIP移民的配偶及未婚子女（二十一歲以下），可以作爲附屬申請人與你同時申請PR，但是男性孩童需要服兵役。父母、已婚子女、超過二十一歲的子女也可以申請5年長期探訪准證（LTVP）。
投資移民整個申請周期大概是6-8個月。
▲PR證件示意圖
創業准證
Entrepass
新加坡創業移民，需要5萬新幣注冊資金，注冊一家新加坡公司，獲得創業准證，然後再申請成爲新加坡永久居民（PR）。
對學曆無明確要求，但需要有一定工作或經商經驗，或者是擁有創新的行業項目。
在達到一定條件後，可爲配偶及21歲以下小孩申請家屬准證，1年左右之後可申請PR，也可帶家屬申請PR。
申請要求：
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必須在新加坡創業
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必須注冊時間不滿6個月新公司
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不符合要求的創業項目：咖啡店，美食中心，食閣巴刹，酒吧，夜總會，卡拉OK，酒廊，足部按摩，按摩院，中國傳統醫學，針灸，中藥配藥，職業介紹機構，風水師。
不想創業覺得太操心？只想找個工作做，那麽你需要看的是下面的這幾種工作准證：
個人化就業准證
Personalised Employment Pass
PEP是人力部開放給外籍專業人士的准證，它沒有職位限制（特殊行業，需有相關證書）。PEP准證有效期內，即使換工作，也不需要重新申請准證，只需要通知人力部即可。
申請要求：
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外國專業人士，在新加坡境外的前一份工作月薪達到18000新幣
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目前持有新加坡就業准證（EP），月薪超過12000新幣
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保證年薪有144000
持有這個准證，沒有工作的情況下，也可以在新加坡逗留6個月，在此期間尋找工作。但如果超過6個月沒有工作，就必須取消證件。
可爲配偶及21歲以下小孩申請家屬准證，1年左右之後可申請PR，也可帶家屬申請PR。
就業准證
Employment Pass
新加坡就業准證（EP）由新加坡人力部頒發，之後可以進一步申請新加坡的永久居留權（PR）。
申請要求：
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本科或以上學曆，有專業證書或者特殊技巧
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薪水通常要求每月3600新元以上（本地大學畢業申請有優勢，月薪略低于3600也可能申請下來，而其他大學畢業生則會需要更高的基本月薪）
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對年輕人薪資要求較低，而年紀越大經驗越多的人，申請准證的薪資要求會隨之提高。
2018年1月1日以後，月薪6000以上的EP，才可爲配偶和21歲以下的孩子申請家屬准證。
月薪12000以上的EP，可爲父母申請長期探訪准證（LTVP）。工作6個月之後可申請PR（6個月是最短期限，必須要有工資單）。
S准證
S Pass
S Pass是人力部設置的給外國中級技術水准雇員提供的工作准證。
SP在每個公司是有配額要求的。每個服務行業的公司所能擁有的SP准證持有者只能占公司總員工的10%-15%，而其他行業的SP配額最高可達總員工的20%。也就是說，公司至少要有10個或以上的員工，才能申請1到2個SP名額。
更讓人頭疼的是SP人頭稅這個問題。雇傭一個SP，雇主就要給政府交$330/月的人頭稅，若是雇傭的SP人數超過公司總人數的10%，那就要給每個SP交$650/月的人頭稅。
申請要求：
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學曆需要有大專，本科，或者技術資質認證（需要至少一年全職學習獲得的技術認證）
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最低月薪要求：2200新幣（2019年將調整爲2300新幣，2020年將調整爲2400新幣）
SP的薪水達到6000新幣的話，可爲配偶及21歲以下小孩申請家屬准證。
工作6個月之後可申請PR（6個月是最短期限，如果不是NUS、NTU的本科生，建議還是多工作幾年再申請），也可以帶上家屬申請PR（但是通過率不一定有保證）。
當然還有一類就是家屬，通常爲新加坡籍人士或新加坡永久居民的配偶, 可由本地配偶擔保申請綠卡。
那新加坡可以申請PR嗎？
2017年年底，新加坡移民局（ICA）先後出台兩項新政，分別是：國際留學生滿足條件可以直接申請PR；持PR的國際生學生，在讀書期間就可以直接申請新加坡公民。
對于新加坡留學生來說這是一個好消息，但是想要獲得PR或是成爲新加坡公民需要滿足一定的條件。
留學生申請PR需要滿足的條件:
第一、需要在新加坡住滿兩年以上，滿足這個條件無需邀請函就可以直接申請；
第二、通過至少一門新加坡國家性質的考試，比如PSLE，劍橋 N/O/A水准考試，或是Integrated Programme，簡稱IP計劃（預科直升）。
住滿兩年非常容易理解，那怎麽樣的考試屬于新加坡國考呢？
接下來，我們一起了解新加坡的哪些國家考試吧！
小學離校考試(PSLE)
新加坡小學離校考試（Primary School Leaving Examination，簡稱PSLE），也被稱爲小六會考。
這是由新加坡教育部舉辦的國家統一考試，學生根據考試成績分流進入各所中學繼續下一階段的學習。
對于國際生來說，通過AEIS考試之後進入新加坡小學，然後在小六年級時參加小學離校考試即可。
新加坡—劍橋O水准考試
新加坡－劍橋O水准考試英文全稱Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Examinations，簡稱GCE ‘O’ Level。
這項考試是由新加坡教育部和英國劍橋大學考試局共同主辦的統一考試，新加坡中學生在接受4-5年的教育之後需要參加這項考試，獲得進入下一階段學習的offer。
O水准考試的時間一般從每年的5月底開始，一直到11月中旬才結束。英文口試在8月舉行，筆試10月舉行，放榜時間爲第二年的1月中上旬左右。
O水准考試的主要升學途徑（不含工藝教育學院）
結合新加坡移民局的新政，中學留學新加坡的小夥伴們可以在高中（JC）或是理工學院（Poly）就讀期間申請PR。
新加坡—劍橋A水准考試
新加坡—劍橋A水准考試英文全稱爲Cambridge General Certificate of Education Advanced Level，簡稱GCE A Level。
英聯邦國家通用的普通中等教育水平考試就是A水准考試，但多年的發展之後讓英聯邦的很多國家在教育制度上發生了改變，各國的A水准教育已經在風格、系統上有了較大轉變。
考生可以憑借A水准成績申請包括新加坡國立大學在內的新加坡頂級大學，也可以申請英國、澳洲等英聯邦國家的頂級名校，比如劍橋大學、牛津大學、悉尼大學等等。
直通車課程（IP）是新加坡教育制度中的一個六年制特別課程。該課程下的學生將在中學四年級的期末考試通過以後直接跳過的新加坡劍橋O水准會考，並繼續修讀高中課程直至A水准考試。完成了六年的課程後，學生將于高中二年級報考新加坡-劍橋普通教育證書高級水准會考、 國際學士學位（IB），或報考相等的教育文憑。當然能夠通過IP直通車課程的學生都是相當優秀，他們也能夠在新加坡最好的中學上課。
需要注意的是，一直很多外國人所熟知的AEIS／S－AEIS考試不屬于新加坡國家考試。那AEIS是什麽呢？
AEIS考試是由新加坡教育部推出的，考試時間在每年的9月或者10月。12月份公布結果。通過的學生由新加坡教育部統一就近分配到新加坡政府中小學。通過考試的學生將在第二年的1月份入學。
如果國際學生沒有順利通過當年的AEIS考試，也可以報名參加第二年2月份的S-AEIS考試。通過的考試學生將在第二年的6月份入學。
參加考試的均爲外籍考生，來自全世界各地不同國家，學生中包括了旅遊簽證，學生簽證，家屬證等多類學生和孩子。
我們爲讀者提供各類資訊外，也爲大家提供各類新加坡留學等資訊，及如何在新加坡中英文業余學習（課程可申請政府津貼），中英文教學會計ACCA課程，精品雅思班，提升學曆等
我們還專設新加坡留學和澳洲留學業務
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