Unit 1 What’s the matter? 怎麽了？
一、重點詞組
1. have a fever / cough / cold 發燒 /咳嗽 /受涼；感冒2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼 /胃疼3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉嚨痛4. talk too much 說得太多5. drink enough water 喝足夠的水6. take risks (take a risk) 冒險
7. in a difficult situation 在困境中8. give up 放棄9. make a decision 做出決定
10. lie down and rest 躺下來休息11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶12. see a dentist 看牙醫13. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片14. take one?s temperature 量體溫
15. put some medicine on sth. 在⋯⋯上面敷藥16. feel very hot 感到很熱
17. sound like 聽起來像18. all weekend 整個周末19. in the same way 以同樣的方式
20. go to a doctor 看醫生21. go along 沿著⋯⋯走22. on the side of the road 在馬路邊23. shout for help 大聲呼救24. without thinking twice 沒有多想
25. get off 下車26. have a heart problem 有心髒病27. to one? s surprise 使⋯⋯驚訝的；出乎⋯⋯意料
28. thanks to 多虧了；由于29. in time 及時
30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻煩（或煩惱）
32. right away 立刻；馬上33. because of 由于34. get out of 離開；從⋯⋯出來
35. hurt oneself 受傷36. put a bandage on sth. 用繃帶包紮
37. fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到惡心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割傷他的膝蓋41. put her head back 把她的頭向後仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困難43. mountain climbing 登山運動44. be used to doing sth. 習慣做某事
45. run out (of) 用完；耗盡46. so that 以便
47. so ⋯ that 如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯
48. be in control of 掌管；管理49. keep on doing sth. 繼續或堅持做某事二、重點句型
1. What? s the matter?怎麽了？
What? s the matter with you?= What?s the trouble with you?
= What? s wrong with you? 你怎麽了？
2. What should she do? 她該怎麽辦呢？Should I take my temperature? 我該量一下體溫嗎？主語 + should/should n?t + 動詞原形
① You should lie down and rest. 你應該躺下休息一會兒。② You shouldn?t go out at night. 你晚上不應該出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你認爲它是來自報紙還是書呢？
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同樣的姿勢一動不動地坐太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go
to the hospital. 她說男人有心髒病，應該去醫院。
三、語法點
一、 詢問某人的健康問運及遭到麻煩的表達方法
(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時，常用以下幾種結構來表達：
What?s the matter (with sb． )?（某人）怎麽了？What?s wrong (with sb． )?（某人）怎麽了？
What?s the trouble (with sb． )?（某人）出什麽事了？What happened (to sb． )?（某人）發生了什麽事？Are you OK? 你沒事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb. ？某人有什麽事嗎？
(2)要表達身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結構：①某人 +have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．雙胞胎感冒了。
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache. She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。③某人 +have/has+a+sore+發 病部 位． He has a sore throat．他喉嚨痛。④某人 +hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞． He hurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。
⑤某部位 +hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我頭痛得厲害。⑥某人 +have/has+a pain+in one?s+身體部位， I have a
pain in my chest．我胸口痛。⑦ (There is)something wrong wit h one?s+身體部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye ．．我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表達方式
She has a heart trouble．她有心髒病。
He got hit on the head 他頭部受到了撞擊。
She cut her finger．她割破手指了。二 情態動詞 should 的用法
1．Should 爲情態動詞，意爲 “應該；應當 “，否定式爲shouldn?t，其後接動詞原形，無人稱和數的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、 建議、勸告、要求或義務等。 You should
drink hot water with honey．你應該喝加有蜂蜜的開水。He should put his head back 他應該把頭後仰。We should try our best to help him.我們應當盡力去幫助他。 You shouldn,t watch TV. 你不應該看電視。
2．Should 用于主語爲第一人稱的疑問句， 表示征詢意見。
Should I put some medicine on it? 我應當給它敷上藥嗎？Should we tell her about it? 我們應該告訴她這件事嗎？【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點。主要結構有：
①Would you like (to do) sth ．？你想要／願意（做）某事嗎？
Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我們做 ,, 好嗎？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我們去動物園，好嗎？
③Why not do sth ?爲什麽不 ,, 呢？
Why not join us? 爲什麽不加入到我們當中來呢？④How/What about doing sth ? 做某事怎麽樣？ How about going swimming? 去遊泳怎麽樣？⑤Let?s do sth讓我們做 ,, 吧。Let?s go home．咱們回家吧。⑥You?d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You?d better not go there alone．你最好不要獨自去那兒。
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. 我將幫忙打掃城市公園。
一、重點詞組
1. Clean-Up Day 清潔日2. an old people?s home 養老院
3. help out with sth. 幫助解決困難4. used to 曾經⋯⋯；過去⋯⋯5. care for 關心；照顧6. the look of joy 快樂的表情
7. at the age of 在⋯⋯歲時8. clean up 打掃 (或清除 )幹淨9. cheer up (使 )變得更高興；振奮起來
10. give out 分發；散發11. come up with 想出；提出12. make a plan 制訂計劃13. make some notices 做些公告牌14. try out 試用；試行15. work for 爲⋯⋯工作；爲⋯⋯效力
16. put up 建造；舉起；張貼
17. hand out 分發；散發；發給18. call up 打電話；召集19. put off 推遲；延遲20. for example 比如；例如21. raise money 籌錢；募捐22. take after 與⋯⋯相像；像23. give away 贈送；捐贈
24. fix up 修理；修補；解決25. be similar to 與⋯⋯相似26. set up 建立；設立
27. disabled people 殘疾人28. make a difference 影響；有作用29. be able to 能夠30. after-school reading program 課外閱讀項目二、重點句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 這個男孩可以在食品救濟站分發食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清潔日離現在僅僅兩周的時間。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday
morning. 每星期六上午， 他都在一 ‘家動物醫院當志願者。4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after- school reading program. 去年，她決定去參加一個課外閱讀項目的志願者的選拔。
5. ⋯ you can see in their eyes that they?re going on a
different journey with each new book. ⋯⋯從他們的眼睛裏，你可以看到他們正在進行每本不同的新書之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital
until next summer. 我想把我在動物醫院工作的計劃推遲到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 現在的大部分人只是爲找一份能掙許多錢的好工作而著急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的幫助下，我才有可能擁有 “幸運兒 “。
三、語法點
動詞不定式
A. 作主語 ——爲避免句子的頭重腳輕， 常用 it 作爲形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式後置。
常用句型： It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb.
some time to do sth.
B. 作賓語 ——動詞 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,常接動詞不定式作賓語。C. 作（後置）定語 ——常用于 ” have/has＋ sth.＋to do”或” enough＋名＋ to do “” It?s time to do sth. “等結構中。
D. 作賓語補足語 —— tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等 可接 帶 to 的 動 詞不 定 式 作 賓 語 補 足語 ， 構 成
tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth. 結構。【注意】動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去 to：”一感 (feel)，二聽 (listen to, hear)，三讓 (let,
make, have,，四看 (look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help) “。
E. 動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。爲了強調
目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前
加 in order (to) 或 so as (to) “爲了，目的是 “。常用結構有
too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。F. 固定句式中動詞不定式的用法 常見的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not
do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 你能清理一下你的房間嗎？
一、重點詞組
1. go out for dinner 出去吃飯2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看電影4. get a ride 搭車5. work on 從事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事7. clean and tidy 幹淨整潔8. do the dishes 洗餐具9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾10. fold your/the clothes 疊衣服11. sweep the floor 掃地12. make your/the bed 整理床鋪
13. clean the living room 打掃客廳14. no problem 沒問題15. welcome sb. 歡迎某人
16. come home fro m school/ work 放學 /下班回家17. throw down 扔下18. sit down 坐下19. come over 過來20. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步21. all the time 頻繁；反複22. all day / evening 整日 /夜
23. do housework 做家務24. shout back 大聲回應25. walk away 走開
26. share the housework 分擔家務27. a comfortable home 一個舒適的家28. in surprise 驚訝地29. get something to drink 拿點喝的東西30. watch one show 觀看一個節目31. hang out 閑逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物傳給某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人34. get sth. wet 使某物弄濕35. hate to do sth. 討厭做某事36. do chores 做雜務37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth. 幫助某人幹某事38. bring a tent 帶頂帳篷來39. buy some snacks 買些小吃
40. go to the store去商店41. invite sb. to a party 邀請某人參加聚會42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress 足夠的壓力44. a waste of time 浪費時間45. in order to 爲了46. get good grades 取得好成績47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on 依賴；依靠49. develop children?s independence發展孩子的獨立性
50. look after/take care of 照顧；照看51. do one? s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分內的事二、重點句型
1. Could you please do sth. ? 你能做某事嗎？Could you please clean your room? 你能清理一下你的房間嗎？
2. I have to do some work. 我必須幹些活。3. Could I+ do sth. ? 我能做某事嗎？
Could I use your computer?我能用一下你的電腦嗎？4. She won?t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到這樣亂七八糟的話，她會不高興的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什麽家務活都不幹了，我也一樣。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 我一在電視機前坐下，我媽媽就過來了。
7. hate + (to do/ doing) sth. 討厭做某事I hate to do chores. 我討厭做家務。三、語法點
Could you please…?句型（ 1）請求 別人 時 通常 用 此句 型 ，也 可 以說 ： Can
you…please?情態動詞 could 或 can在這裏均表示請求， 在意思上無區別， 但是用 could 在于其上顯得更委婉、 客氣、誠懇。在日常生活中常使用 could you/I…?若在句末加上
please，則顯得更禮貌。Could you help me find my book,please?你能幫我找到我的書嗎？
（ 2）對 could you/I…? 的問 句作出 肯定回答 ，常用
” sure/certainly/of course “等；如果作否定回答， 常用” sorry或 oh,please don?t”。 一般不用 no 開頭，用 no顯得語氣生硬、不禮貌。
（3）表示請求的句式：
Would you like to do…? Would you mind doing…? Let?s
do…. Shall I/we do…? Please do…(祈使句前加 please) 提示： could you please…與 could I Please…兩種問句，前者是請求別人幫忙的句式，後者是有禮貌地向別人請求允許的交際用語。試比較：
Could you please help me?請你幫我一下好嗎？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 媽媽， 我能邀請我的朋友參加我的生日聚會嗎？
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
你爲什麽不和父母聊聊呢？
一、重點詞組
1. have free time 有空閑時間2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 與某人閑逛4. after-school classes 課外活動課5. get into a fight with sb. 與某人吵架 /打架
6. until midnight 直到半夜7. talk to sb. 與某人交談8. too many 太多
9. study too much 學得過多10. get enough sleep 有足夠的睡眠11. write sb. a letter 給某人寫信12. call sb. up 打電話給某人13. surprise sb. 令某人驚訝14. look through 浏覽；翻看15. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
16. a big deal 重要的事17. work out 成功地發展；解決18. get on with 和睦相處；關系良好
19. fight a lot 經常吵架 / 打架20. hang over 籠罩21. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事22. offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事23. cut out 刪除24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事25. communicate with sb. 與某人交流
26. in future 今後27. make sb. Angry 使某人生氣28. worry about sth. 擔心某事29. copy one?s homework 抄襲某人的作業
30. be oneself 做自己31. family members 家庭成員32. spend time alone 獨自消磨時光33. give sb. pressure 給某人施壓34. have a fight with sb. 與某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 與某人競爭
36. free time activities 業余活動37. get better grades 取得更好的成績38. give one? s opinion 提出某人的觀點
39. learn exam skills 學習應試技巧40. practice sports 體育訓練41. cause stress 造成壓力二、重點句型
1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn?t get enough
sleep. 我昨晚學習到半夜所以睡眠不足。2. Why don?t you forge t about it? 你爲何不忘掉它呢？3. Although she?s wrong , it?s not a big deal. 雖然她錯了，但這並不是什麽大事兒。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he?s sorry. 他應該跟朋友談談以便能說聲對不起。
5. May be you could go to his house. 也許你可以去他家。6. I guess I could, but I don?t want to surprise him. 我想我可以，但我不想讓他感到驚訝。
三、語法點
1.提建議向別人發出邀請， 請求，建議，或征求某人的意見的其他表達方式： How /what about doing sth.?（about是個介詞，可跟名詞或動名詞） “,怎麽樣？ “
You?d better (not) do something. “你最好（不）做某事 “Would you like sth ,?: “你想要某物 Let ?s do sth,?What should I do ,? ( should 表示請求、征詢對方意見 )
2.學會談論問題和學會用 why don’t you,提建議向別人發出邀請，請求，建議，或征求某人的意見的表達方式：
Why don ?t you do something? =Why not do something? 你爲什麽不 做某事呢？ 來表 示請求 、征詢對 方意見
３． until, so that ,although 引導的狀語從句：
1)until：在帶有 till 或 until 引導的時間狀語從句裏，如果主句用肯定式， 其含義是 “一直到 ,, 時”，謂語動詞只能用
延續性動詞。 如果主句用否定式， 其含義是 “直到 ,, 才 ,, “,
“在 ,, 以前不 ,, ” , 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。 Don?t get off until the bus stops. 2）so that引導目的狀語從句 （爲了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future 3）although 的用法意思相當于 though（盡管，雖然），引導讓步狀語從句。引導的從句不能與並列連詞 but，and，
so等連用，但可以和 yet， still 等詞連用。 例如：Although he was tired, he went on working. 盡管他很累， 但是他繼續工作。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 當暴風雨來臨時，你在做什麽？
一、重點詞組
1. make sure 確信；確認
2. beat against ⋯ 拍打⋯ ⋯
英語八年級下冊重點詞組、句型及語法點彙總 Pason
3. fall asleep 進人夢鄉；睡著
4. die down 逐漸變弱；逐漸消失5. wake up 醒來6. in a mess 一團糟7. break ⋯ apart 使⋯⋯分離8. in times of difficulty 在困難的時候9. at the time of 當⋯⋯時候10. go off (鬧鍾 )發出響聲
11. take a hot shower 洗熱水澡12. miss the bus 錯過公交車13. pick up 接電話
14. bring ⋯ together 使⋯⋯靠攏15. in the area 在這個地區16. miss the event 錯過這個事件17. by the side of the road 在路邊18. the Animal Helpline 動物保護熱線
19. walk by 走路經過20. make one?s way to⋯ 在某人去⋯⋯的路上
21. hear the news 聽到這個消息22. important events in history 曆史上的重大事件23. for example 例如
24. be killed 被殺害25. over fifty 50 多 (歲）26. a school pupil 一個小學生27. on the radio 通過廣播28. in silence 沉默；無聲
29. more recently 最近地；新近30. the World Trade Center 世貿中心
31. take down 拆除；摧毀32. have meaning to 對⋯⋯有意義33. remember doing sth. 記得做過某事
34. at first 首先；最初二、重點句型
1. — What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚 8 點你在幹什麽？
— I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 當開始下雨的時候，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳達在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在幹什麽？
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with
her homework. 琳達在睡覺的時候， 珍妮正在幫瑪麗做作業。
三、語法點
過去進行時
1. 基本概念：過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或一段時間內正在進行的
動作。這一特定的過去時間除有上下文暗示以外 , 一般用
時間狀語來表示。
2. 結構 was / were ( not ) + 動詞 -ing 3. 句式肯定式：
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working. 否定式 :
I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They/ were not working. 疑問式和簡略回答 :
Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they
working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：
1) was not 常縮略爲 wasn?t; were not常縮略爲 weren?t。2) 一般過去時與過去進行時用法的比較 : 一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發生過的動作或存在的狀態 , 而過去進行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的
動作。 例如 :
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大衛昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。 (信寫完了。 )
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大衛昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫信。 (信不一定寫完。 )
4.過去進行時中的 when和 while
when, while 區別：1) 由 when 引導的時間狀語從句，主句用過去進行時，從句應用一般過去時； 由 while 引導的時間狀語從句，主句用一般過去時，從句應用過去進行時。
When the teacher came in, we were talking. 當此句改變主從句的位置時，則爲： While we were
talking, the teacher came in. 2)如果從句和主句的動作同時發生， 兩句都用過去進行時的時候，多用 while 引導。如：
They were singing while we were dancing.
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 一位老人設法移山。
一、重點詞組
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事2. as soon as ⋯一⋯⋯就⋯⋯
3. once upon a time 從前4. continue to do sth. 繼續做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事發生6. try to do sth. 試圖做某事7. the journey to sp. ⋯⋯之旅8. tell the/a story 講故事9. put on 穿上10. a little b it 有點兒
11. keep doing sth. 堅持做某事
12. be born 出生13. instead of 代替；反而14. turn ⋯ into 變成
15. get married 結婚16. the main character 主要人物；主人公17. at other times 在另外一些時候18. be able to 能；會
19. come out (書、電影等 )出版20. become interested in ⋯ 對⋯⋯感興趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一邊去
22. a fairy tale 一個神話故事23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分24. leave sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth. 籌劃 /計劃做某事26. go to sleep 去睡覺
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人領到某地28. get lost 迷路29. change one?s plan 改變計劃
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事31. in the moonlight 在月光下32. find one? s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地二、重點句型
1. What do you think about/of ⋯?你覺得⋯⋯怎麽樣？
So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你覺得愚公的故事怎麽樣？
2. It doesn?t seem + adj. to do sth. 做某事似乎⋯⋯It doesn?t seem very possible to move -a mountain. 把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because ⋯這時因爲⋯⋯
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and
size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 這是因爲他會根據他的形狀和大小，做出 72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動物或東西。
4. ⋯ so⋯ that +從句 如此⋯⋯以致于⋯⋯Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it
in his ear. 有時候，他能夠讓他的金箍棒變得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵裏。
5. It take sb. some time to do sth.做某事花某人多久時間
Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 這些（山）太高了，他們要花好長時間才能翻越過去。
6. ⋯ not⋯ util 十從句 直到⋯⋯才Don? t eat it until you get to the forest. 你們到達森林之後才能吃。
三、語法點
1. unless引導條件狀語從句unless = if , not ―除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains. = They will go tomorrow if it doesn?t rains.
2. as soon as引導時間狀語從句。 ― ,, 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so…….that引導結果狀語從句句型 1：主語 +謂語 +so+形容詞 /副詞 +that 從句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型 2： so +形容詞 + a/an + 單數名詞 + that 從句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型 3. so + many/ few + 複數名詞 + that 從句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 句型 4： so +much/ little + 不可數名詞 + that 從句
I had so little money that I couldn?t buy a pen.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? 世界最高的山峰是哪一座？
一、重點詞組
1. as big as ⋯ 與⋯⋯一樣大2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的國家之一3. feel free to do sth. 隨意地做某事
4. as far as I know 據我所知5. man-made objects 人造物體6. part of ⋯ ⋯⋯的組成部分7. the highest mountain 最高的山脈8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的鹹水湖中
11. run along 跨越⋯⋯12. freezing weather 冰凍的天氣13. take in air 呼吸空氣
14. take in 吸入；吞入（體內）15. in the face of difficulties 面對困難16. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事17. achieve one? s dream 實現某人的夢想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到達頂峰20. even though 雖然；盡管
21. at birth 出生時22. be awake 醒著23. run over w ith excitement 興奮地跑過去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒26. the first person to do sth. 第一個做某事的人27. every two years 每兩年28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木29. endangered animals 瀕危動物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊貓越來越少
31. be in danger 處于危險之中32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救這些動物的重要性
二、重點句型
1. It is -\~adj. + (fo r sb. ) to do sth. 做某事⋯⋯It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 當你接近山頂時，連呼吸都會困難。
2. ⋯ is because ⋯ ⋯⋯是因爲⋯⋯
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一個主要的原因是人們想在面臨困難時挑戰自己。
3. ⋯ show(s) that ⋯⋯⋯顯示出The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never
give up trying to achieve our dreams. 這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠都不應該放棄實現自己的夢想。
4. How high/ deep/ ⋯ is … ?⋯⋯多高 / 深？
How high is Qomolangma? 珠穆朗瑪峰有多高？5. Although. ⋯, ⋯ 雖然⋯⋯，但是⋯⋯
Although Japan is older than Canada, it is much smaller. 雖然日本比加拿大曆史更悠久，但它比加拿大小多了。
6. sb. spend time/money doing sth.某人花時間 /錢做⋯Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊貓一天要花 12 個多小時的時間吃大約 10 公斤竹子。三、語法點
形容詞副詞的原級、比較級和最高級
（一）原級句型：
1. A is as+原級 + as+ B 表示 A 與 B 一樣 ,eg: He is as tall
as me. 2.A is not as/so +原級 + as B 表示 A 不如 B,eg:He is not as tall as me.
3.只能修飾原級的詞， very，quite，so，too，so, enough, pretty等
例如， He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至于不能再繼續走了。
（二）比較級句型
可以修飾比較級的詞， much，a lot，far，,的多 a little，a
bit， ,一點兒 even甚至， still 仍然
Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一課比第二課容易得多。
Tom looks even younger than before. 湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。
1.當句中有 than 時則用比較級。 eg: He is fatter than me. 2．當句子中的比較對象爲兩者時用比較級： “特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級， A or B？”
eg: Which is bigger， the earth or the moon？哪一個大，地球還是月球？
3. “比較級 +and+比較級 “表示”越來越 ,, “。
eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花兒越來越漂亮。
加 more構成比較級的形容詞則用 more and more +形容詞
表示越來越 ,
eg: English is more and more important. 4. ” the+比較級， the+比較級 “表示”越 ,, ，越 ,, “。
Eg. The more careful you are， the fewer mistakes you?ll make. 5. “A+be+the+形容詞比較級 +of the two+,, “表示”A是兩者中較 ,, 的”。
Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
6.A+be+形容詞比較級 +than+any other+單數名詞 (+介詞短語 )” 表示”A比同一範圍的任何一個人 /物都 ,, “，含義
是”A最 ,, “。
Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. （三）最高級常用句型結構
1．”主語 +be+the+形容詞最高級 +單數名詞 +in/of 短語”表示”,,是,, 中最 ,, 的”。
eg：Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
This apple is the biggest of the five. 2．”主語 +be+one of the+形容詞最高級 +複數名詞 +in/of短語”表示 “,,是 ,, 中最 ,, 之一”。
Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 3．”特殊疑問詞 +be+the+最高級 +A，B，or C？”用于三者以上
eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth? 4. ” the +序數詞 +最高級 +單數名詞 +範圍”。表示 ,是第幾大（ ,）
eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 【注意】形容詞最高級之前要加 the，但當最高級之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時則不用加 the eg: He is
the best student in my class. He is my best friend. （四）形容詞副詞的規則與不規則變化
規則變化
1.一般在詞尾直接加 er 或 est，例如， tall-taller-tallest ，long-longer-longest
2.以不發音的字母 e結尾的單詞在詞尾直接加 r 或 st，例如， nice-nicer-nicest
3.以輔音字母 +y 結尾的詞，把 y 變爲 i，再加 er 或 est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest 4.重讀閉音節， 末尾只有一個輔音字母， 雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 er 或 est，
eg. big-bigger-biggest 5.部分雙音節詞和多音節詞分別在原級前加 more 構成比較級和 most構成最高級，例如，
slowly-more slowly-most slowly ； beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful 不規則變化
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你讀過《金銀島》嗎？
一、重點詞組
1. on page 25 在第 25頁
2. the back of the book 書的背面3. hurry up 趕快；急忙（做某事）4. in two weeks 在兩周之內
5. go out to sea 出海6. an island full of treasures 一個滿是寶藏的島嶼7. w rite about 寫作關于⋯⋯的內容8. finish doing sth. 做完某事9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到來10. learn to do sth. 學會做某事11. grow fruits and vegetables 種水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 幾個星期前13. the m arks of another m an? s feet 另一個人的腳印
14. not long after that 不久之後
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地16. use ⋯ to do sth. 用⋯⋯來做某事17. signs le ft behind by someone 某人留下的標記18. read the newspaper 看報19. science fiction 科幻小說20. can? t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒來的一個好辦法
22. number of people 人數23. used to do sth. (過去 )常常做某事24. study abroad 在國外學習
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事26. come to realize 開始意識到27. ever since then 自從那時起28. the southern states of America 美國的南部地區29. belong to 屬于30. be kind to each other 善待彼此31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美33. have been to sp. 去過某地34. do some research on sth. 對⋯⋯做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事37. the firs t line in the song 歌曲的第一行38. enjoy success in享受⋯⋯的成功39. at the end of the day 傍晚的時候二、重點句型
1. Have you done sth. yet? 你做過某事嗎？—Have you read Little Women yet?你讀過《小婦人》嗎？
—Yes, I have. /No, I haven?t.是的，我讀過。 /不，沒有。2. Has ⋯ yet?— Has T in a read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜讀過《金銀島》這本書嗎？
— Yes, she has. She thinks it?s fantastic. 是的，她讀過。她覺得它很棒。
3. Would you like ⋯?你要點⋯⋯嗎？
Would you like something to drink? 你要來點喝的嗎？4. I heard ⋯ 我聽說⋯⋯
I heard you lost your key. 我聽說你丟鑰匙了。5. ⋯ came to realize how much⋯開始意識到多麽⋯⋯She came to realize how much she actually missed all of
them. 她開始意識到，事實上她是多麽想念他們所有人。三、語法點
一 /重點短語
1. on page 25 在第 2 5 頁2. the back of the book 書的背面 3. hurry up 趕快 ;匆忙
4. in two weeks 在兩周之內5. go out to sea 出海 23. used to do sth. (過去 )常常做某事6. an island fu ll of treasures 一個滿是寶藏的島嶼 24.
study abroad 在國外學習7. w rite about 寫作關于 ⋯⋯的內容 25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事 26. come to realize 開始意識到
9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到來 27. ever since then 自從那時起
10. learn to do sth. 學會做某事 28. the southern states of America 美國的南部地區11. grow fru its and vegetables 種水果和蔬菜 29. belong
to 屬于12. a few weeks ago 幾個星期前 30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
13. the marks of another man? s feet 另一個人的腳印 31. trust one another 互相信任14. not long after that 不久之後 32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地 33. have been to sp. 去過某地
16. use… to do sth. 用⋯⋯ 來做某事 34. do some research on sth. 對⋯⋯做研究17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的標記 35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事18. read the newspaper 看報 36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
19. science fiction 科幻小說 37. the first line in the song 歌曲的第一行
20. can? t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 38. enjoy
success in享受 ⋯⋯的成功21. a good way to wake up 醒來的一個好辦法 39. at the
end of the day 傍晚的時候22. number of people 人數二 /重點句型1. Have you ⋯ .. yet?
— Have you read Little Women yet? 你讀過《小婦人》嗎？— Yes， I have. /N o , I haven? t. 是的，我讀過。 / 不，我沒有。
2. Has… yet? — Has T in a read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜讀過《金銀島》這本書嗎？
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t ? s fantastic. 是的，她讀過。她覺得它很棒。
3. W ould you lik e … ? Would you like something to drink? 你要來點喝的嗎？4. I heard…
I heard you lost your key. 我聽說你丟鑰匙了。5. . . . came to realize how m uch… She came to realize how much she actually missed all of
them. 她開始意識到，事實上她是多麽想念他們所有的人。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 你曾經去過博物館嗎？
一、重點詞組
1. at night 在夜晚
2. in a more natural environment在一個更自然的環境中3. all year round 一年到頭；終年4. be far from 離⋯⋯遠
5. in the dark 在黑暗中6. in the past 在過去7. have been to sp. 去過某地8. science museum 科學博物館9. history museum 曆史博物館10. amusement park 遊樂園11. go somewhere different 去不同的地方
12. go skating 去滑冰13. take the subway 坐地鐵14. a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon 一個過周 六下午的好方法
15. all the old movie cameras 所有古老的電影攝影機16. learn about sth. 了解有關⋯⋯的情況17. on the weekend 在周末18. camp in the mountains 在大山裏露營19. put up a tent 搭帳篷
20. in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式
21. different kinds of 各種各樣的22. development of toilets 廁所的發展23. social groups 社會團體24. the tea art performances 茶藝表演25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets 用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一個品茶的好地方
27. thousands of 數以千計的28. International Museum of Toilets 國際廁所博物館29. the Terracotta Army 兵馬俑
30. Southeast Asia東南亞31. Night Safari 夜間動物園32. three quarters 四分之三33. an English-speaking country 一個講英語的國家34. have problem doing sth. 做某事很困難
35. during the daytime 在白天36. a couple of times 好幾次
37. right now 現在；目前38. an amusement park with a special theme 一個有特別的主題的遊樂園
39. walk around the park 在公園裏到處走40. hear of 聽說41. take a ride兜風42. another province 另一個省43. the Bird ?s Nest鳥巢
44. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事45. on the one hand⋯ on the other hand一方面⋯另一方面二、重點句型
1. Have you ever been to ⋯?你曾經去過⋯⋯嗎？Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾經 去 過科學博物館嗎？
2. Let?s ⋯ 我們⋯⋯
Let?s go somewhere different today. 我們今天去個不同的地方吧。
3. It?s~\~adj. +that⋯It?s unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way! 科技以如此迅猛的方式發展真是令人難以置信啊！
4. Whether⋯, you ?ll⋯ 不管⋯⋯，你都能⋯⋯Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese
food, you ?ll find it in Singapore! 不管你喜歡印度食品、西方食品還是日本食品，在新加坡你都能找到！
5. One great thing ⋯ is that ⋯ 一個重大特征是⋯⋯One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 新加坡一個很大的特征是它的氣溫幾乎一年到頭都是一樣的。
6. It is best to do sth. 最好做某事
It is best to visit Singapore. 最好是去遊覽新加坡。
7. Me neither. 我也沒 (去過）。8. How about you? 你呢？9. Oh, it ?s fantastic. Let ?s go tomorrow. 噢，太棒了。我們明天去吧。
10. It?s really interesting, isn?t it? 這真有趣，不是嗎？11. So, what did you do on the weekend? 那麽，你周末幹了什麽？
12. That sounds fun. 那聽起來很有趣。13. You should try it! 你應該去試試！14. What does Ken say about the American Computer
Museum? 關于美國計算機博物館，肯說了什麽？15. Why is the Hangzhou National Tea Museum a place to enjoy tea? 爲什麽說杭州國家茶博物館是一個品茶的地方？
16. —What are you doing this weekend? 你這周打算幹什麽？
— Not much, Mark. I don ?t really have any yet. 沒 什 麽 事
兒，馬克。我確實還沒有任何計劃
17. —Oh, how about it? 哦，它怎麽樣？— It was great. 很不錯。
18. I see. I have never been there. 我明白了。我從沒去過那裏。
19. Perfect! 太棒了！三、語法點
現在完成時 (Present Perfect Tense) （1）表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。
— It?s so dark. 太黑了。—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把燈關上了。（2）表示從過去某一時間開始並一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
常與 since+過去的時間點， for+一段時間， since+時間段
+ego, so far 等時間狀語連用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已經住在這裏 10年了。（從 10年前開始，持續到現在還住這兒）
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自從 2003 年我就住在這兒。（從 2003年開始，持續到現在還住這兒）（ 3） 基本結構及句型轉換：主語 +have/has+過去分詞
(done) (當主語是第三人稱單數 has,其余人稱用 have。) ①肯定句：主語 +have/has+過去分詞 +其他 I have finished
my homework. ( 肯定句 ) ②否定句： 主語 +have/has+not+過去分詞 +其他 I have not
finished my homework. （否定句）③一般疑問句： Have/Has+主語 +過去分詞 +其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven?t, （一般疑問句及肯定、否定回答）
（4）has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區別
Have/Has gone(to) :去了 (現在不在說話現場 ) Eg. —Where is your father ？ —He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方） Eg. My
father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My
father has been in Shanghai since two months ago. （5）現在完成時的標志：
①常與 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用，強調動作的完成，不強調動作的持續。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my
homework. ② for + 時間段； since + 過去的時間點； since + 段時間
ago；since + 一般過去時的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England. （6）動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規則變化： 1. 一般在動詞詞尾直接加 ed。如：
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不發音的 e結尾的動詞後面加 d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned3. 以―輔音字母 + y‖結尾的動詞，變 y爲 i，再加 -ed。如：
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried;
reply → replied → replied4. 詞尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節動詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加 -ed。如：
stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped不規則變化：
5. 以不變應萬變。如： let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中間有雙寫 e，則去掉一個 e，單詞末尾再加 t。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept →
slept 7. 結尾的字母 d 變 t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 變爲以 -ought 或 -aught 結尾。如： buy → bought →
bought; bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught;
teach → taught → taught
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 我擁有這輛自行車三年了。
一、重點詞組
1. these days 目前；現在2. regard with great interest 以極大的興趣關注著
3. in my time 在我那個年代
4. so far 迄今；到現在爲止5. in need 需要6. not ⋯ anymore 不再⋯⋯7. welcome to sp. 歡迎來到⋯⋯8. check out 察看；觀察9. board games 棋類遊戲10. one last thing 最後一樣東西
11. junior high school 初級中學12. clear out 清理13. no longer 不再；不複
14. toy monkey 玩具猴15. part with 與⋯⋯分開16. to be honest 說實在的17. ride a bike 騎自行車18. have a yard sale 進行庭院拍賣會
19. one?s old things 某人的舊東西20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回憶
21. regard ⋯ as 將⋯⋯認爲22. play for a while 玩一會兒23. do with… 處置；處理
24. search for work 找工作25. for the last 13 years 在過去的 13 年裏26. the mid-20tH century 20 世紀中期 27. stay the same 保持原狀28. according to 依據；按照
29. in one?s opinion 依⋯⋯看二、重點句型
1. How long have you⋯? 你⋯⋯多久了？How long have you had that bike over there? 那 邊 的 那 輛自行車你買了多久了？
2. sb. has/have done sth. for⋯ 某人擁有某物⋯⋯Amy has had her favorite book for three years. 艾米擁有她最喜歡的書 3 年了。
3. sb. has/have done sth. since⋯自⋯起，某人有某物He?s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他 4 歲生日起，他就擁有這個東西了。
4. Some⋯ Others⋯ 一些⋯⋯另外一些⋯⋯Some people still live in their hometown. However, othe
rs may only see it once or twice a year. 有 些 人 仍 住 在家鄉。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉一兩次。
5. Welcome to Sunshine Home for Children. 歡迎來到兒童陽光之家。
6. Great! Many children here love reading. 太棒了 ！這裏的很多孩子喜歡看書。
7. Perfect! We always need toys and clothes. 太好了！我們一直需要玩具和服裝。
8. Thanks so much! 非常感謝！
9. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts,
but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至于我，我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是，說實在的，我現在
巳經有一段時間沒踢 (足球 )了。
10. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾經想過要舉辦一個庭院拍賣會來出售東西？
11. What would you do with the money you raise? 你會 怎麽處理你所籌集到的錢？
三、語法點
短暫性動詞（buy, die, join, finish 等）不能直接與 for, since
連用， 需要改變動詞。
9)leave– be away(from) 1 ）begin(start)–be on 2) open–be open 10)catch a cold–have a cold 3)become–be 11)join the army–in the army/be a soldier
4)die–be dead 12)borrow—keep 5) fall asleep– be asleep 13)join the party– be in the party/ be a party member 6)close — be closed 14) buy—have 7)end/ finish—be over 15)come/go/ arrive/reach/get /move to —be in /at 8) put on–wear 總結：1.現在完成時表示過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響和結果；
2.還可以表示過去發生的動作 ,一直持續到現在，也有可能持續下去 .
3..一般情況下， for+時間段； since+過去的時間點； since + 段時間 ago；since + 一般過去時的句子4.句型：現在完成時態 （have/has+延續性動詞的過去分詞）
+ for/ since…
2014人教版八年級英語不規則動詞表
Verb 動詞原形
Past tense 過去式
Past participle 過去分詞
be(am , is ,are )
Was ,were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought build built built
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
英語八年級下冊重點詞組、句型及語法點彙總 Pason
12
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do / does did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/ dreamed Dreamt / dreamed
drink drank drunk drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
get got got / gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang 懸挂 hung hung
have / has had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid lead led led
learn learnt / learned learnt / learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light learnt / learned learnt / learned
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mistake mistook mistaken
pay paid paid
put put put
read /ri;d/ read /red/ read / red/
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled
speak spoke spoken
speed sped / speeded sped / speeded
spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled
spend spent spent
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
