無論是文化還是國家發展層面來講，新加坡這個國家即便有70％以上的華人，但是其國內的文化發展等各個方面和我們並不“沾邊”。無論從國際外交還是從單一的角度來講，誰也難以看出新加坡和我國有任何親密的聯系，甚至還對我國存在一定的“火藥味”，而馬來西亞華人群體在我國的聲譽則要好得多。在美版知乎Quora上，外國網友提問道：爲什麽馬來西亞華人總體看起來如此親近中國，而新加坡華人卻表現冷漠？這個問題引起各國網友的圍觀和熱議，我們看看他們的觀點。
問題：爲何馬來西亞華人總體較親近中國，而新加坡則表現冷漠？
新加坡網友利姆的回答
As a Singaporean Chinese, I have never been asked to return to China by my Malaysian compatriots in Singapore, nor have I been called “Chinese” or “panda Chinese”. In addition, no one in Singapore has any racial welfare, and everyone works according to order of the elite. Therefore, I have a country that I am proud of. I only regard China as a country where my ancestors originated. That’s all.
作爲一名新加坡華人，我從來沒有被我的新加坡馬來同胞要求返回中國，也從來沒有被稱爲“中國人”或“panda唐人”。此外，新加坡的任何人都並沒有任何種族福利，所有人都按照精英階層的秩序工作。因此，我有一個我引以爲豪的國家，我只把中國視爲一個我的祖先起源的國家，僅此而已。
On the other hand, for Malaysian Chinese, the situation is just the opposite. They have always been the target of right-wing Malaysian Political Parties and their radical supporters. Like the Indonesian Chinese, they are regarded as the country’s cash cow and scapegoat. Although they have made great contributions to Malaysia, they are constantly insulted by slang terms such as “Kafir”, “babi” and “pandatan”. Because of the Malays’ policy based on race, they did not get the same social status as Malays. Is that why they call us “Asian Jews”?
另一方面，對于馬來西亞華人來說，情況恰恰相反，他們一直是右翼馬來政黨及其激進支持者的目標。就像印尼華人一樣，他們被視爲國家的搖錢樹和替罪羊，盡管他們對馬來西亞做出了重大貢獻，但卻不斷受到“卡菲爾”、“巴比”和“潘達坦”等俚語的侮辱。由于馬來人基于種族的政策，他們沒能獲得馬來人同等的社會地位，這就是爲什麽他們叫我們“亞洲猶太人”的原因吧？
You may think that this is an ancient phenomenon, but in fact, it is still very active. Like the recent Malaysian dignity conference, some old friends claim that Malaysia has a history of 5000 years, and Malaysia only serves Malays. In fact, the condition for Malaysia’s independence from Britain is that it becomes a multi-ethnic country, and all Malays, Chinese and Indians are Malaysians.
你可能會認爲這是一種古老的現象，但事實上，它仍然非常活躍，就像最近的馬來尊嚴大會一樣，一些老家夥聲稱馬來西亞有5000年的曆史，馬來西亞只爲馬來人服務。事實上，馬來西亞脫離英國獨立的條件是它成爲一個多種族國家，所有馬來人、華人和印度人都是馬來西亞人。
My question is, when people do not regard you as a compatriot and ask you to return to the place where your ancestors were born, will you still have the slightest attachment and loyalty to that country?
我的問題是，當人們不把你視爲同胞，要求你回到你祖先出生的地方時，你還會對那個國家有絲毫的依戀和忠誠嗎？
Of course, I am not saying that all Malaysian Chinese have lost their loyalty and love for Malaysia, because some of the most anti Singapore people I have met are not Malaysian Malays, but Malaysian Chinese.
當然，我並不是說所有的馬來西亞華人都對馬來西亞失去了忠誠和愛，因爲我見過的一些最反新加坡的不是馬來西亞馬來人，而是馬來西亞華人。
What I want to say is that the more the Malaysian government tries to split Malaysia according to race and religion, the only thing it can experience is that the loyalty of ethnic minorities to Malaysia is gradually decreasing, and at the same time, their kinship with China, India or any place where their ancestors came from is constantly increasing.
我想說的是，馬來西亞政府越是試圖按照種族和宗教分裂馬來西亞，唯一能體驗到的就是少數民族對馬來西亞的忠誠度逐漸下降，與此同時，他們對中國、印度或他們祖先來自的任何地方的親情不斷增加。
Let me briefly talk about what happened to a Malaysian friend of mine. Let’s call him Meng.
下面我簡短講一下我的一名馬來西亞朋友的遭遇，我們叫他孟吧。
Meng is from a small town in Kida. His way to school is very difficult. In high school, although he passed the national school admission examination, people like him had limited choices because public institutions of higher learning maintained strict quotas for non Malay students. Because demand exceeds supply, only overseas private colleges or schools can choose.
孟來自基達的一個小鎮。他的求學路很艱難。高中時，他雖然通過了全國學校錄取考試，但像他這樣的人的選擇是有限的，因爲公立高等學校對非馬來學生保持嚴格的配額。由于需求大于供給，只有海外的私立學院或學校可以選擇。
Unfortunately, the weak currency ringgit and low wages make the west, including Australia, extremely expensive for ordinary Malaysians. This is why the number of Chinese Malaysians trained in Taiwan, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the mainland in recent years has kept increasing. Mastering Chinese opens up educational and economic prospects for them.
不幸的是，疲軟的貨幣林吉特和低工資使得包括澳大利亞在內的西方對普通馬來西亞人來說極其昂貴。這就是爲什麽台灣地區、香港特區以及近年來在大陸培訓的中國馬來西亞人源源不斷。掌握漢語爲他們打開了教育和經濟前景。
馬來西亞貨幣林吉特
In fact, Chinese tend to gather together to cushion the impact of discrimination. The proportion of Chinese in Penang and Kuala Lumpur is very high. For Chinese, Malay brings much less opportunities than Chinese.
實際上，中國人傾向于聚集在一起，以緩沖歧視的影響。槟城、吉隆坡的華人比例很高，對中國人來說，馬來語帶來的機會比漢語少得多。
Just like in Singapore, English has opened the door to education and most jobs. The only restrictions are on housing, education and welfare for foreigners. Compared with their cousins in the northern mainland, they are much less useful in mastering Chinese.
就像在新加坡，英語爲教育和大多數工作敞開了大門。唯一的限制是對外國人住房、教育和福利的限制。與北方大陸的表親相比，他們掌握漢語的用處要小得多。
“For poor and disadvantaged Chinese like me, it is entirely reasonable to regard China as the motherland, because we are reminded every day that Malaysia serves the Malays, not the Chinese.”
“對于像我這樣貧窮和處境不利的中國人來說，將中國視爲祖國是完全有道理的，因爲我們每天都被提醒，馬來西亞是爲馬來人服務的，而不是華人。”
馬來西亞華人約翰•秦的回答
Why is there a view that Malaysian Chinese are pro China? It is because we realize that when some people criticize the whole country, the whole political system or the whole race on a large scale, we have reason to believe that this is unfair and groundless, and we will not tolerate it. When it comes to China related reports, we can clearly see that media bias plays a role in fuelling the flames.
爲什麽會有一種看法認爲馬來西亞華人是親中國的？是因爲我們認識到，當某些人大規模無端批評整個國家、整個政治制度或整個種族時，我們有理由認爲這是不公平和沒有根據的，我們不會容忍的。在涉及中國相關報道時，我們可以清楚地看到媒體偏見起到推波助瀾的作用。
We realize all this because we grew up with prejudice. In Malaysia, our race and identity are stigmatized, unfairly reported and dehumanized for political reasons. In short, our identity, like the Jews during World War II, was used as a political scapegoat. We can clearly see that China is being treated the same way, especially the western media. No matter whether we have the same political beliefs and systems, we will not support western biased reports.
我們之所以認識到這一切，是因爲我們是與偏見一起長大的。在馬來西亞，我們的種族和身份被汙名化，被不公平地報道，由于政治原因而被非人化。簡言之，我們的身份，就像二戰期間的猶太人一樣，被用作政治替罪羊。我們可以清楚地看到，中國正受到同樣的對待，尤其是西方媒體。不管我們是否有相同的政治信仰和制度，我們都不會支持西方充滿偏見的報道。
As far as I am concerned, I have been fighting against this kind of dehumanizing discrimination as a Chinese all my life. I refuse to give in, because I am proud of the conduct and education of my great grandparents, I will not forget where my roots are, and I will not betray the tradition that my great grandparents tried to instill in me.
就我個人而言，我一生都在爲身爲中國人而與這種不斷的非人化的歧視作鬥爭。我拒絕讓步，因爲我爲我的曾祖父母的品行和教育而感到自豪，我不會忘記我的根在哪裏，我也不會背叛我偉大的祖父母努力灌輸給我的傳統。
Imagine growing up like me and coming to Southeast Asia. When you grow up under the infiltration of Chinese culture and realize that learning Chinese is also a kind of wealth. All of a sudden, you are facing unfair attacks by the so-called free press on China or anyone with ties to China. Your first reaction was to jump up and protect them. Because we Malaysian Chinese have seen this situation in our kampong community, our education system or our Malaysian newspapers before.
想象一下，像我一樣長大，來到東南亞，當你從小在中華文化的浸潤下成長，並且意識到學習中文也是一種財富。突然間，你們又面臨著所謂的自由新聞界對中國或任何與中國有聯系的人的不公平攻擊。你的第一反應是跳起來保護他們。因爲我們馬來西亞華人以前在我們的甘榜社區、我們的教育系統或我們的馬來報紙上看到過這種情況。
So why am I considered pro China? This is only because I am an anti racist. At present, some people in the West think that anti China is equivalent to the so-called western values. I like to say frankly that this is just a cover for open xenophobia. Unfortunately, unlike Singaporean Chinese, we Malaysian Chinese have a deeper understanding of this point.
所以，爲什麽我會被認爲是親華的？這只是因爲我是反種族主義者，而目前西方一部分人認爲反華等同于所謂的西方價值。我喜歡直言不諱地說，這只是一個公開仇外的幌子。不幸的是，與新加坡華人不同，我們馬來西亞華人在認識這一點上認識更加深刻。
Several respondents pointed out that the “discriminatory policy against Malaysian Chinese” was the reason for the “lack of loyalty” of Malaysian Chinese.
幾個回答指出，“針對馬來西亞華人的歧視政策”是馬來西亞華人“缺乏忠誠”的原因。
Malaysia’s policy of affirmative action based on race is indeed divisive and controversial. This is a complex issue, and the political reality is rooted in history and population.
馬來西亞實行的基于種族的平權行動政策確實具有分裂性和爭議性。這是一個複雜的問題，政治現實植根于曆史和人口。
Although there is dissatisfaction among Malaysian Chinese, the next example will refute the argument that Malaysian Chinese tend to China because of discrimination.
雖然馬來西亞華人中存在不滿，但下一個例子將駁斥馬來西亞華人因歧視而傾向于中國的說法。
Among the Malaysian Chinese population, there is a group called the native Chinese (commonly known as Baba and Nyonya). They have lived in Malaysia for several centuries. The native Chinese have integrated into the Local Malay culture – speak fluent Malay and wear traditional Malay clothing. Although their culture has been assimilated, they are not regarded as “natives” like the Malays. Therefore, native Chinese and other Chinese “suffer” the same “discrimination”.
在馬來西亞華人人口中，有一個叫土生華人的群體（通常稱爲Baba和Nyonya），他們在今天的馬來西亞生活了幾個世紀。土生華人已經融入了當地的馬來文化——講一口流利的馬來語，穿著傳統的馬來服裝。盡管他們的文化被同化，但他們並不像馬來人那樣被視爲“土生土長的本地人”。因此，土生華人和其他華人一樣“遭受”同樣的“歧視”。
But despite this so-called discrimination, on the whole, the native Chinese do not care much about China or China. Among the more educated native Chinese, their world outlook is more in line with the West. In fact, they are more like typical Singaporeans. In fact, if you know that Lee Kuan Yew, the founder of Singapore, has some native Chinese descent and grew up in an English speaking family, you will instinctively understand what I mean.
但盡管存在這種所謂的歧視，總的來說，土生華人並不太關心中國或中國。在受教育程度較高的土生華人中，他們的世界觀更符合西方。事實上，他們更像典型的新加坡人。事實上，如果你知道新加坡創始人李光耀有部分土生華人血統，並在一個講英語的家庭中長大，你會本能地明白我的意思。
Now, given that both indigenous Chinese and non indigenous Chinese “suffer” the same “discrimination”, how can “discrimination” explain why the former is basically indifferent to China while the latter is attracted by China (or “pro China” in the issue)?
現在，鑒于土生華人和非土生華人都“遭受”同樣的“歧視”，那麽“歧視”如何解釋爲什麽前者基本上對中國漠不關心，而後者卻被中國（或問題中的“親中國”）所吸引？
Let me look at Singapore. I have read some answers. Some of them are reasonable. Indeed, Chinese in Malaysia are discriminated against, while Chinese in Singapore are not. However, this alone cannot explain why Malaysian Chinese support China while Singaporean Chinese are indifferent to China.
再看看新加坡，我讀到了一些答案，其中一些有一點道理，確實，馬來西亞的華人受到歧視，新加坡的華人則沒有。可單憑這一點並不能解釋爲什麽馬來西亞華人支持中國，而新加坡華人則對中國漠不關心。
The real reason is that the Chinese in Singapore are too westernized. They read, think and write in English. Don’t forget that Singapore is a British colony. Therefore, although people don’t recognize it, they respect western culture more than Chinese culture.
真正的原因是…新加坡華人太西化了。他們用英語閱讀、思考和寫作，不要忘記，新加坡是英國的殖民地，因此，盡管人們不承認，但他們對西方文化的敬仰會超過對中國文化的敬重。
A typical Singaporean will watch English programs instead of Chinese programs. It is a self-evident fact that Singaporeans with English education will look down upon Singaporeans with traditional Chinese education. However, it is interesting that people with English education always use Singaporean nonsense, which is a terrible English derivative that people outside Singapore can not understand. Nevertheless, they think they have a better sense of superiority than Malaysians.
一個典型的新加坡人會看英語節目，而不是中文節目，一個不言而喻的事實是，受過英語教育的新加坡人會看不起受過傳統華文教育的新加坡人。然而，有趣的是，受過英語教育的人總愛用新加坡語胡言亂語，這是一種可怕的英語派生語，新加坡以外的人都聽不懂。盡管如此，他們認爲自己比馬來西亞人更有優越感。
However, some Chinese people are confused and even angry about Singapore’s international choices precisely because they are too westernized. The “real” Chinese are angry that Singaporeans are so pro american and think they have lost the essence of their own culture. Some people think that Singaporeans are like bananas. The outside is yellow and the inside is white.
然而，一些中國人對新加坡在國際上的抉擇感到困惑甚至憤怒正是因爲他們太西化了。“真正的”中國人對新加坡人如此親美感到憤怒，認爲他們已經失去了自己文化的精髓。有人認爲新加坡人就像香蕉，外面是黃色，裏面是白色的。
馬來西亞華人黃再業的回答
Education and cultural identity provide a better answer, but not necessarily the only one, to explain why Malaysian Chinese are usually attracted to China.
教育和文化認同提供了一個更好的答案，但不一定是唯一的答案，說明爲什麽馬來西亞華人通常會被中國所吸引。
This is the Chinese textbook used by Malaysian Chinese primary school students: Chinese Primary Chinese textbook – Malaysian primary school Chinese textbook
這是馬來西亞華裔小學生使用的中文教科書：華小華文課本 – 馬來西亞小學華文課本
The following is an excerpt from the fifth grade textbook, covering three different aspects:
以下是五年級教科書的節選，涵蓋三個不同方面：
• traditional Chinese values – the following text is the historical record of the Chinese philosopher Mozi preventing war and saving the state of song, which illustrates Mozi’s philanthropic ideal (both love and non attack)
•中國傳統價值觀-以下文字是中國哲學家墨子阻止戰爭、拯救宋國的曆史記錄，說明了墨子的博愛理想(兼愛非攻)
• Malaysia’s multi-ethnic culture – the following describes the origins of “teh Tarik” and “roti canai”, which are local cuisines enjoyed by all ethnic groups.
•馬來西亞多種族文化-下文描述了“teh tarik”和“roti canai”的起源，這是所有種族都喜歡的當地美食。
• universal values – the following text advocates world peace, inspired by a sculpture in front of the United Nations building called “casting a sword into a plow”.
•普世價值觀——以下文字倡導世界和平，其靈感來自聯合國大樓前一座名爲“鑄劍爲犁”的雕塑。
• two conclusions can be drawn from the fifth grade Chinese Textbooks in Malaysia. First of all, Malaysian students who have received local Chinese education can master Chinese well (Note: the students include Malaysians and Indians), and their level of learning Chinese may be second to none outside Greater China.
•從馬來西亞五年級漢語教材中可以得出兩個結論。首先，接受過當地華文教育的馬來西亞學生可以很好地掌握華文（注：學生包括馬來族和印度族），學生學習漢語的水平可能是大中華以外地區首屈一指的。
• second, China’s traditional value system and history have a considerable impact. In fact, students studying Chinese in middle schools learn Chinese classical literature, which opens the door to the Chinese philosophy system.
•第二，中國傳統價值體系和曆史有相當多的影響。事實上，在中學學習漢語的學生學習中國古典文本(文言文) 文學，打開了通往中國哲學體系的大門。
• in view of this contact, Malaysian Chinese who are proficient in their own dialects naturally have easier access to Chinese News and pay more attention to China’s development.
•鑒于這種接觸，精通本國方言的馬來西亞華人自然更容易獲得中國的新聞，並更加關注中國的發展。
• in fact, this is not different from the fact that Malaysian Muslims (almost entirely Malays) closely follow the fate of Muslim brothers in other parts of the world. A good example is that Malaysians, especially Malaysian Muslims, have always sympathized with the struggle of Palestine (the majority of Muslims). Some Malays have volunteered to serve the Palestinian cause regardless of their lives.
•事實上，這與馬來西亞穆斯林（幾乎完全是馬來人）密切關注世界其他地區穆斯林兄弟的命運沒有什麽不同。一個很好的例子是，馬來西亞人，特別是馬來西亞穆斯林，一直同情（穆斯林占多數的）巴勒斯坦的鬥爭，有馬來人不顧生命危險自願爲巴勒斯坦事業服務。
• however, I am happy to agree that a group of Malaysian Chinese seem to firmly support China. But they blurred the line between cultural affinity and loyalty to foreign countries.
•然而，我很樂意同意一群馬來西亞華人似乎堅定支持中國。但他們模糊了文化親和力與對外國忠誠之間的界限。
• generally speaking, Malaysian Chinese are pragmatic. They want to preserve their cultural identity and remain loyal to Malaysia. The two are not mutually exclusive. It is also in their best interest to do so.
•總的來說，馬來西亞華人是務實的。他們希望保留自己的文化身份，同時忠于馬來西亞。兩者並不相互排斥。這樣做也符合他們的最佳利益。
• in fact, multiculturalism is a way out. Deeply rooted in one’s own culture, as well as a good appreciation of other cultures and universal values, have laid the foundation for thriving in this increasingly connected world.
•事實上，多元文化主義是一條出路。在自己的文化中深深紮根，以及對其他文化和普世價值觀的良好欣賞，爲在這個聯系日益緊密的世界中茁壯成長奠定了基礎。