International Trade: A Case study國際貿易:個案研究
Contents內容
Chapter 1 Running a Household 第一章料理家務
Chapter 2 Australia and Japan 第二章澳大利亞和日本
Chapter 3 Exporting and Importing 第三章導出和導入
Chapter 4 Minerals 第四章礦物質
Chapter 5 Agricultural Products 第五章農産品
Chapter 6 Motor Vehicles 第六章機動車輛
Chapter 1 Running a Household第一章料理家務
For a household to run well, it needs to earn more money than it spends. Otherwise, it will run out of money. 一個家庭要想運轉良好，就需要掙的錢比花的錢多。否則，它會花光所有的錢。
Countries are the same. Countries sell goods to other countries to earn money. 國家是一樣的。國家把商品賣給其他國家來賺錢。
No country can produce everything that its people need and want, so each country spends money buying goods from other Countries. 沒有一個國家能生産出它的人民需要和想要的一切，所以每個國家花錢從其他國家購買商品。
Japan and Australia are two countries that buy what they need from each other. 日本和澳大利亞是兩個互相購買必需品的國家。
Chapter 2 Australia and Japan第二章澳大利亞和日本
Australia and Japan are very different countries. Australia is very large, while Japan is quite small. Few people live in Australia, while a lot of people live in Japan. 澳大利亞和日本是非常不同的國家。澳大利亞很大，而日本很小。澳大利亞的人很少，而日本的人很多。
Australia is isolated from other countries, while Japan located close to many other countries. 澳大利亞與其他國家隔絕，而日本與許多其他國家近在咫尺。
All of these differences make Australia and Japan suitable trading partners. 所有這些差異使澳大利亞和日本成爲合適的貿易夥伴。
Fact File: Japan事實檔案:日本
Capital city: Tokyo首都:東京
Population: 127400000人口:127400000
Land area: 374744 square kilometres土地面積:374744平方公裏
Highest point: Mount Fuji at 3776 metres最高點:海拔3776米的富士山
Value of exports in 2005: US$550 billion2005年出口總值:5500億美元
Value of imports in 2005: US$450 billion 2005年進口總值:4500億美元
Fact File: Australia事實檔案:澳大利亞
Capital city: Canberra 首都:堪培拉
Population: 20100000人口:20100000
Land area: 7617930 square kilometres土地面積:7617930平方公裏
Highest point: Mount Kosciuszko, at 2229 metres最高點:Kosciuszko山，2229米
Value of exports in 2005: US$103 billion 2005年出口總值:1030億美元
Value of imports in 2005: US$119 billion2005年進口總值:1190億美元
Chapter 3 Exporting and Importing第三章出口和進口
Selling goods to another country is called exporting. Australia and Japan export goods to each other, and to many other countries as well. 把貨物賣到另一個國家叫做出口。澳大利亞和日本互相出口貨物，也向許多其他國家出口貨物。
In order, Japan’s five main export destinations are: 依次來看，日本的五個主要出口目的地是:
• the United States of America; •美利堅合衆國;
• China; •中國;
• the Republic of Korea; •韓國;
• Thailand; •泰國;
• Singapore. •新加坡。
In order, Australia’s five main export destinations are: 依次來看，澳大利亞的五個主要出口目的地是:
• Japan; •日本;
• China; •中國;
• the Republic of Korea; •韓國;
• the United States of America; •美利堅合衆國;
• New Zealand. •新西蘭。
Buying goods from another country is called importing. , Australia and Japan import goods from each other and from many other countries as well. 從另一個國家購買商品叫做進口。例如，澳大利亞和日本彼此進口商品，同時也從許多其他國家進口商品。
In order, Japan’s five main import sources are: 依次來看，日本的五個主要進口來源是:
• China; •中國;
• the United States of America; •美利堅合衆國;
• the Republic of Korea; •韓國;
• Australia; •澳大利亞;
• Indonesia. •印度尼西亞。
In order, Australia’s five main import sources are: 依次來看，澳大利亞的五個主要進口來源是:
• the United States of America; •美利堅合衆國;
• China; •中國;
• Japan; •日本;
• Germany; •德國;
• Singapore. •新加坡。
Every year, Japan buys about AU$25 billion ,worth of goods from Australia. 日本每年從澳大利亞購買價值250億澳元的商品。
Every year, Australia buys about AU$17 billion worth of goods from Japan. 澳大利亞每年從日本購買價值170億澳元的商品。
Chapter 4 Minerals第四章礦物質
Australia has a lot of minerals under the ground, and they are quite easy to mine. Japan does not have a mining industry of its own. Japan’s hills and mountains make it too hard to mine the minerals that may be underground. 澳大利亞地下有很多礦産，很容易開采。日本沒有自己的采礦業。日本的丘陵和山脈使得開采可能在地下的礦産變得非常困難。
So Australia sells minerals to Japan. 所以澳大利亞向日本出售礦産。
The main minerals and metals Australia sells to Japan are coal, iron ore and aluminium. 澳大利亞賣給日本的主要礦物和金屬是煤、鐵礦石和鋁。
Australia sells more coal to Japan than any other mineral. In fact, coal is Australia’s major export to Japan. In 2004-2005, Australia sold more than AU$7 billion worth of coal to Japan. 澳大利亞賣給日本的煤比其他任何礦産都多。事實上，煤炭是澳大利亞對日本的主要出口。2004-2005年，澳大利亞向日本出售了價值70多億澳元的煤炭。
Japan uses Australian coal to produce electricity that lights and heats Japanese homes and powers Japanese factories. 日本使用澳大利亞的煤炭發電，爲日本家庭和工廠提供照明和供暖。
Chapter 5 Agricultural Products第五章農産品
Australia has a very large agricultural industry. This is because Australia’s land and climate are suitable for producing particular crops and breeding particular animals. Australia produces more than enough agricultural products to feed its population because Australia has a small population. 澳大利亞的農業規模很大。這是因爲澳大利亞的土地和氣候適合生産特定的作物和飼養特定的動物。因爲澳大利亞人口少，所以澳大利亞生産的農産品足以養活它的人口。
Japan has a small agricultural industry. This is because there is not much land suitable for producing crops and breeding animals. But Japan has a large population to feed, so Australia sells agricultural products to Japan. The main agricultural product that Australia sells to Japan is beef. In 2004-2005, Australia sold more than AU$2.6 billion worth of beef to Japan. 日本的農業規模不大。這是因爲沒有多少土地適合種植莊稼和飼養動物。但是日本有大量的人口需要養活，所以澳大利亞把農産品賣給日本。澳大利亞賣給日本的主要農産品是牛肉。2004-2005年，澳大利亞向日本出售了價值26億澳元的牛肉。
Chapter 6 Motor Vehicles第六章機動車輛
Australia has a small motor vehicle industry. It is not large enough to supply motor vehicles to all the Australian people and businesses who want one. Japan has a very large motor vehicle industry. It has developed technology and introduced ways of working that enable Japan to produce reliable motor vehicles reasonably cheaply. 澳大利亞有小型的汽車工業。它還不夠大，不能爲所有需要汽車的澳大利亞人和企業提供汽車。日本有很大的汽車工業。它開發了技術，引進了工作方式，使日本能夠以相當低的成本生産可靠的汽車。
Australian companies are unable to produce the same type of motor vehicles as cheaply as the Japanese companies can. So Australia imports motor vehicles from Japan. 澳大利亞公司無法像日本公司那樣以低廉的價格生産同類型的汽車。所以澳大利亞從日本進口汽車。
In 2004-2005. Australia bought more than AU$8 billion worth of motor vehicles from Japan. 在2004 – 2005年。澳大利亞從日本購買了價值超過80億澳元的汽車。
Australia also bought more than AU$1 billion worth of motor vehicle parts from Japan. These parts included motors and rubber tyres. 澳大利亞還從日本購買了價值超過10億澳元的汽車零部件。這些部件包括發動機和橡膠輪胎。
Australian coal is used to power Japanese motor vehicle factories. Australian iron is used in the bodies and parts of the motor vehicles that Japan manufactures. Australian rubber is used in the tyres Japan manufactures. 澳大利亞的煤被用來爲日本的機動車工廠提供動力。澳大利亞的鐵用于日本制造的汽車的車身和部件。澳大利亞的橡膠被用于日本制造的輪胎。
Japan could not make motor vehicles without the help of Australia. Australians couldn’t afford to buy motor vehicles if they didn’t make money from the goods they sold to Japan and other countries. 沒有澳大利亞的幫助，日本無法生産汽車。如果澳大利亞人不能從他們賣給日本和其他國家的商品中賺錢，他們就買不起汽車。