2021年3月11日下午，十三屆全國人大四次會議在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請出席記者會，並回答中外記者提問。
2021年3月11日下午，十三屆全國人大四次會議在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發言人張業遂的邀請出席記者會，並回答中外記者提問。
記者會開始時，李克強說，很高興同媒體的朋友們見面，感謝大家對中國兩會報道所付出的辛勞。今年我們還是繼續通過視頻進行交流，請大家提問。In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang said that he was delighted to meet friends from the media and thanked the journalists for their hard work in covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions. He noted that the press conference was again held via video link this year and then opened the floor for questions.
美國消費者新聞與商業頻道記者：李總理，新冠肺炎疫情對許多工作完成的方式和地點都産生了影響，疫情暴發一年了，請問中國就業質量和收入有什麽明顯的變化，中方將采取什麽具體的措施改善這種狀況？特別是在人口老齡化背景下，對消費需求特別是國外品牌消費有什麽影響？
CNBC: Premier Li, the coronavirus pandemic has affected the way in which many jobs are done and located. What changes has China seen in the last year for its jobs in terms of quality and salary? And what specific measures will China take especially as the population ages? How has this affected consumption especially for foreign brands?
李克強：就業對一個國家、對一個家庭可以說都是天大的事。去年在疫情肆虐的時候，很多街面上都見不到行人了，多數店鋪都關了，當時我們最擔心的就是出現大規模的失業。記得後來我到地方考察，看了不少店鋪。在一個小店，店主跟我說，3個月沒有營業了，因爲政府減免稅費，支持減免房租、水電費，穩崗補貼資金到位，我們沒有裁員，挺過來了。我問員工的工資怎麽辦？他說當時只發生活費了。在場的20多位員工都說，店裏管吃管住，不讓我們下崗，還有什麽說的。企業和員工都明白，只要保住了企業、穩住了崗位，一複工複市，生意就會旺起來。
Premier Li: Employment is of paramount importance for a family and a country. In the raging times of COVID-19 last year when bustling streets were deserted and shops were closed, our biggest concern was massive job losses.I recall a visit to a small shop during a local inspection tour. The shop owner told me that he was practically out of business for almost three months, but because of the government support in tax and fee cuts, exemptions of utility bills and rents, and wage subsidies, he managed to pull through and didn’t let any employee go. I asked him if he could still afford to pay his employees wages. He said he gave them some living allowances. There were some 20 employees on the spot. They all said they had nothing to complain about when they could still have something to cover their basic needs in such difficult times. Both the company and the employees were aware that as long as the company and jobs were there, once production was resumed, business would go up.
去年我們在制定宏觀政策的時候，因爲不確定因素太多，沒有制定經濟增長的預期目標。但是反複權衡，還是制定了就業目標，也就是城鎮新增就業900萬人以上。因爲就業是民生之本，是發展之基，也是財富創造的源頭活水。當時我們也提出，要努力實現全年經濟正增長，實際上是相信只要能夠實現900萬人以上的城鎮新增就業，就有經濟的正增長，因爲有就業就有收入，就可以帶動消費、拉動經濟。
Last year, we faced much uncertainty in formulating macro policies. In the end, we decided not to set a numerical target for GDP growth, and with long and hard thinking, we set the target of new urban jobs at no less than nine million. Employment is the foundation of people’s well-being and development. It is also a source of wealth. We said we would strive for a positive growth of China’s economy for the whole year, out of the belief that if we could add no less than nine million new urban jobs, we would be able to achieve positive growth of the economy. Employment helps to generate income, boost consumption and drive economic growth.
去年，在以習近平同志爲核心的黨中央堅強領導下，經過全國上下共同努力，我們的市場主體表現出堅強的韌性，廣大人民共克時艱，最後實現了城鎮新增就業1186萬人，全年經濟增長2.3%，居民收入相應增長，都好于預期。
Last year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and thanks to joint efforts made by all sides, the market entities showed great resilience, and our people faced the difficulty in solidarity.For the whole year, we added 11.86 million new urban jobs. The economy expanded by 2.3 percent. There was continued increase in household income. All these performances were better than expectations.
今年我們的就業壓力仍然很大，城鎮新增勞動力約1400萬人，其中高校畢業生909萬人，創曆史新高，還要保障退役軍人就業，還要爲兩億七八千萬農民工提供打工的機會。所以今年我們在制定宏觀政策的時候，依然堅持就業優先的政策，我們繼續推動“六穩”、落實“六保”，還是把就業放在首位。去年出台的有關就業的政策舉措，不僅沒有調退，還有所增加，其他政策都要有利于就業。我們相信，通過經濟穩定恢複增長，會帶動更多的就業崗位，而更多的就業崗位會推動經濟穩中向好。
This year, we still face mounting pressure in employment. Some 14 million new entrants will join the labor force, including another record high of college graduates totaling 9.09 million. We also need to meet the employment needs of ex-service members, and some 270 million to 280 million rural migrant workers. We will continue to give top priority to employment in the macro policies this year. Employment will remain at the top of the “six priorities” where stability is the key and the “six areas” where protections are needed. The pro-job policies introduced last year will be kept in place, and beefed up in some respects. Other policies should also be conducive to job creation. We believe that steady economic rebound will boost employment, and expansion in employment will in turn promote steady and sound growth of the economy.
今年我們確定新增城鎮就業的目標是1100萬人以上，希望在實際執行中還可以更高一點。我們也很明確，就業還是要讓市場來唱主角，也就是繼續通過保市場主體來保就業。一方面推動穩崗增崗，另一方面拓展就業渠道。去年疫情中就業方式也有新變化，像我們這幾年發展的新動能，包括網購、快遞等逆勢快速增長，也帶動了就業和傳統産業發展。我們一方面要繼續鼓勵增加相對穩定的就業崗位，也要廣開靈活就業的渠道。現在中國的靈活就業正在興起，已經涉及到兩億多人。有的一人打幾份工，很辛苦，所以我們應該給他社保補貼，特別是要用機制性的辦法來解決可能出現的職業傷害問題，給他們提供基本的權益保障。這也有利于靈活就業市場更加健康、穩定地向前發展。
We have set the projected target of no less than 11 million new urban jobs for this year, and we hope to overfulfill it in actual implementation. In generating jobs, we will continue to enable the market to play a principal role. In other words, we will continue to promote employment by supporting market entities. We will stabilize and expand employment, and at the same time, open up new channels for job creation. During the pandemic last year, we saw some new changes in the means of employment. New drivers of growth that developed rapidly in China in recent years, including online shopping and express delivery services, showed a strong momentum of expansion despite COVID-19 impacts. They helped to boost employment and the growth of some traditional industries. We will continue to encourage the creation of stable jobs, and also promote flexible employment, which is now rapidly developing in China. About 200 million people are involved in flexible employment. Some people work several jobs, which is quite tough. The government will provide them with subsidies for social security, and introduce institutionalized methods to give them basic protections in terms of occupational injury to bolster the healthy and stable growth of flexible employment.
至于剛才記者朋友提到的老年人問題，中國老齡人口已經有兩億六千萬，老齡産業也可以說是一個巨大的朝陽産業，它帶來了多樣化的需求。正因爲中國市場多層次、多樣化的需求，這樣一個廣大的市場也必然會給外國企業的産品、服務乃至于投資創造更多機會，因爲我們的市場是開放的。
As for the elderly population you referred to in your question, there are some 260 million elderly people in China. Industries related to services for elderly people are big sunrise industries as there is diverse demand among the senior population. The Chinese market is multi-tiered with diverse consumer demand. This big, open market represents great opportunities for products, services and investments from foreign companies.
中國有14億人口，勞動力資源可以說是最豐富的資源，中國人民又能夠吃苦耐勞，只要有就業門路就會多掙。“民生在勤，勤則不匮”。我相信中國人民會用自己勤勞的雙手，來逐步邁向共同富裕。
Our country has a 1.4 billion population. The labor force remains our most abundant resource. Our people are hardworking and resilient. Whenever there is an opportunity, they will seize it and put their talent to good use. A good life hinges on diligence. With diligence, one has no fear for shortages. I believe with the hard work of our people, we will be able to achieve common prosperity over time.
西班牙埃菲社記者：美方指責中方對上月到訪武漢的世界衛生組織專家組缺乏透明度，專家組組長指出中方同事分享了大量工作細節，同時也表示專家組希望獲得在2019年10月至12月之間與新冠肺炎疫情相似疾病病例的更多原始數據，中方是否願提供這些數據，或者是否願再次接待專家組訪華？
Agencia EFE: The United States has blamed China for the so-called lack of transparency to the WHO mission in Wuhan last month. The chief of the team said the Chinese counterparts shared a lot of details with them but he said they would like to have access to more raw data about earlier cases of illness similar to COVID-19 between October 2019 and December 2019. Will China provide these data and be willing to receive another mission visit?
李克強：新冠肺炎疫情是一起突發的全球公共衛生事件，中方和各方一樣都希望能夠盡快查清病毒是從哪裏來的，這樣有利于切斷傳播的渠道，更好更有效地來防控疫情。但疫情溯源的確是一個複雜的科學問題，需要各國加強合作，持續研究。中方本著實事求是、公開透明、開放合作的原則和態度，同世衛組織保持溝通，也支持世衛組織專家在華開展溯源研究工作。下一步我們還願意繼續同世衛組織一道，推動科學溯源工作。
Premier Li: COVID-19 is a global public health contingency. Like other countries,China also hopes that we can get to the bottom of where the virus came from as early as possible. This will help us to stem the spread of the virus and make covid containment more effective. Tracing the origins of the virus is a complex science matter. It calls for closer cooperation among countries and continuous research. The Chinese side has acted in a fact-based manner and with an open, transparent and cooperative approach. China has maintained communication with the WHO and provided support to the WHO mission during its research work in China. We will continue to work with the WHO in taking work on this front forward.
當前疫情還在全球蔓延，當務之急不僅要溯源，還要做好各種防控工作，包括接種疫苗等。新冠病毒是人類共同的敵人，我們希望各方攜起手來，因爲在這樣一個人類共同的敵人面前，沒有哪個國家能夠獨善其身。我們也堅信人類有能力最終戰勝這個病魔，我也希望明年我們能夠面對面進行交流。
The virus is still spreading in many parts of the world. In addition to tracing its origins, our pressing task is to enhance COVID-19 response, including vaccine rollout. COVID-19 is a common enemy of humankind. We hope that all countries will come together to defeat this virus, for no country can do it alone. We have strong faith in the ability of humanity to prevail over the disease eventually. I also hope that next year we will be able to have the press conference face-to-face.
日本經濟新聞記者：您在政府工作報告中提出2021年國內生産總值增長目標爲6%以上，目前很多國際機構都認爲中國2021年經濟增長有可能達到8%左右。在“十四五”開局之年，除了固定資産投資規模加大，還存在著由于世界性的資金過剩導致房地産投資過熱的風險，現在中國政府采取了寬松的財政和貨幣政策。請問總理，在這樣的情況下今年是否存在宏觀政策轉爲偏緊的可能性？據日本經濟研究中心預測，中國的經濟規模將于2028年超過美國，對此您有何看法？
NIKKEI: In delivering the Government Work Report, you said the Chinese government would set its GDP growth target for 2021 at above six percent. Many international institutions forecast that China’s economy may well grow at about eight percent this year. In the first year of the period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan, in addition to expanding investment in fixed assets, we are also seeing a risk of an over-heated real estate sector due to excessive liquidity worldwide. Currently the Chinese government is pursuing accommodative fiscal and monetary policies. Mr. Premier, given the aforementioned factors, is there a possibility for China to tighten its macro policies this year? According to estimates by the Japan Center on Economic Research, the size of China’s economy will surpass that of the United States in 2028. What is your comment on that?
李克強：我注意到，我們提出6%以上的經濟增長預期目標，確實引起了多方面的關注，有不少分析。有的認爲是積極的，也有的認爲低于預期。我們當然樂見經濟向好，但是也清醒地看到，今年是在恢複性增長的基礎上前行，有很多不可比的因素，而且世界經濟複蘇不確定性依然很大。我們說增長6%以上，6%不低了，現在我們的經濟總量達到100萬億元，增長6%就是6萬億元，這要放到“十三五”之初，需要8%以上增速才能達到。而且我們說增長6%以上是開了口子的，實際過程中也可能會增長得更高一點。但是我們不是在定計劃，是引導預期，希望把預期引導到鞏固經濟恢複增長基礎，推動高質量發展，保持可持續性，尤其是和明年、後年的目標相銜接，不能造成大起大落，否則會擾亂市場的預期。一時走得快不一定走得穩，只有走得穩才能走得有力。我們還是希望中國這樣一個巨大的經濟體，經濟能夠行穩致遠，保持長期向好。
Premier Li: I have taken note of the much attention paid to China’s above six percent of GDP growth target, and the much analysis about it. Some people believe it is positive whereas some say it is below expectation. We would certainly be happy to see robust growth, but we are also keenly aware that the economy has just recovered and there are many incomparable factors this year. What’s more, there is also great uncertainty in global economic recovery. A six percent GDP growth target is not a low target. China’s GDP has reached 100 trillion RMB yuan. A six percent growth rate means adding an output of six trillion RMB yuan, which is equivalent to the amount generated by an over eight percent growth rate at the start of the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Moreover, by setting the GDP growth target at above six percent, we have left possibilities open, which means in actual delivery, there may be even faster growth. A projected target is not something set in stone. It intends to guide expectations. We will further consolidate the foundation of economic recovery, promote high quality development and make our development truly sustainable. This target should also be aligned with what we can accomplish next year and the year after next. We must avert wild swings in economic performance which will de-anchor market expectations. A growth too fast will not be a steady one. We need a steady pace to sustain China’s development. What we hope for such a big economy as China’s is sustained and sound growth for the long term.
去年面對罕見的巨大沖擊，我們及時果斷采取措施，但也保持定力，沒有搞“大水漫灌”。我們新增財政資金規模2萬億元，絕大部分都是用于市場主體和民生急需，主要是減稅降費、保基本民生，而且采取了直達機制，就是把這些“救命錢”最快7天時間直達基層，來保證基層減稅降費、穩崗等財力，很快就見到效果。如果我們當時重點考慮上大項目、搞大産業，這不是不需要，但這要經過論證還要考慮市場需求，時間恐怕得200天以上，就不是僅僅一周時間了。錯過了時間，企業可能會大批倒閉。我記得去年在記者會上，也有記者提出中國政府采取的政策規模和力度是不是偏小了。我們是把“肥”施到根子上，政策打到點子上，所以起效快、有作用。現在看，這個規模、力度是合理的，准備的儲備政策後來也沒有用。
In the face of unprecedented severe shocks last year, we acted in a prompt, decisive and focused manner. We did not flood China’s economy with massive liquidity. The increased fiscal funds totaling two trillion yuan were mostly used to support market entities and people’s well-being by making tax and fee cuts and meeting basic living needs. We devised a new mechanism to directly allocate those funds to primary-level governments, so that such “lifeline support” can reach them in as short as seven days and local governments would have enough fiscal resources for tax and fee cuts and job retention. These measures worked effectively and efficiently. We did have another option of channeling the funds to big projects or emerging sectors, which we also need. But that would take a lot of time for feasibility study and market demand analysis, probably as many as 200 days before a project is launched. It is way longer than seven days. So we did not go for that option. Because it would be too late when the money could reach market entities; by that time, many companies would have gone bankrupt. I recall that at last year’s press conference, I was asked by a journalist whether the scale and intensity of our policy support was too modest. We believe that for fertilizer to work, it must go all the way to the root of plants. Hence we decided to act where policies were most needed and they proved to be effective and efficient. The scale and intensity were just right so we didn’t have to resort to policy instruments in reserve.
去年我們沒有搞寬松政策，或者說所謂量化寬松，今年也就沒有必要“急轉彎”，還是要保持政策的連續性和可持續性，著力穩固經濟，推動向好。保持經濟運行在合理區間，還是要注重把“肥”施在根上，現在市場主體特別是中小微企業還在恢複元氣中。由于經濟恢複增長，我們要合理調整政策，但調整是適度的，有些階段性政策退了，同時又用一些結構性減稅降費政策來沖抵影響，保持保就業、保民生、保市場主體的力度不減。
We didn’t use quantitative easing last year. So this year there is no need for sudden shifts in our policies. We will maintain the consistency and sustainability of the policies with a focus on solidifying the positive momentum of economic rebound. In keeping major economic indicators within an appropriate range, we must continue to support market entities, especially those smaller firms who are just recovering from COVID-19-induced shocks, just as ensuring that fertilizer goes right to the root of plants. As economic rebound firms, we will make proper adjustments to some policies introduced last year. Some temporary measures may be unwound, but we will introduce new structural tax and fee cut policies to offset the impact of their drawdown. Our support for employment, people’s well-being, and market entities will remain undiminished.
怎樣保持力度不減？資金規模固然很重要，但用好錢更重要，我們去年宏觀調控積累的經驗還可以繼續用。比如在財政金融方面，簡單地說，就是要“一減、一增、一穩中有降”。“一減”，就是減少中央政府本級支出，各級政府都要帶頭過緊日子；“一增”，就是擴大直達資金範圍，讓基層和市場主體感到政策支持力度不減，這樣能夠更快更有效地惠企利民；“一穩中有降”，就是在穩定杠杆率的同時，引導金融企業合理讓利，使中小微企業融資更便利、融資成本穩中有降。當然，我們對各類風險隱患，也會及時防範化解。
How will we keep up the support intensity? The amount of fiscal funds does matter, but what matters more is how the money is used. We will draw upon the good experience gained from macroeconomic regulation last year. In terms of fiscal support, we will make further reductions in central government expenditures. Governments at all levels must live on a tight budget. We will increase the coverage of directly allocated fiscal funds to better support primary-level governments in helping market entities and people in need. In terms of financial support, while maintaining stability in overall leverage ratio, we will continue to encourage financial institutions to make reasonable interest concessions, so that financing will become more accessible and affordable for smaller firms. In the meantime, we will guard against and defuse various types of risks.
中國發展的根本目的是要讓中國人民過上好日子，中國還是一個發展中國家，實現現代化還有很長的路要走。我們會立足于著力辦好自己的事。中國的發展對世界和平穩定、繁榮發展都是重要貢獻。
The fundamental purpose of China’s development is to enable the Chinese people to lead a better life. Our country is still a developing one and there is still a long way to go before we can achieve modernization. We will continue to focus on running our own affairs well. China’s development will be a major contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.
中國新聞社記者：總理您好。前兩年住院費用的異地報銷問題得到了解決，極大便利了異地就醫。但是很多人外出打工，也有不少老年人是異地養老，他們門診的看病開藥還需要回原籍報銷，非常不方便，所以請問門診費用的報銷何時能得到解決？
China News Service: Mr. Premier, in the past couple of years, we realized the inter-provincial on-the-spot reimbursement of hospitalization bills through individual accounts of basic medical insurance, making access to medical services away from one’s hometown much easier. However, that is not yet the case for expenses incurred by seeing a doctor or taking prescription drugs for the many living and working in cities away from their home places, including the elderly people. This means they have to pay the bills upfront and travel back to their hometowns to have the bills settled. When can we realize the inter-provincial on-the-spot reimbursement of outpatient bills?
李克強：我在中國政府網的實名留言中，也看到了這類問題。的確，在一些學校門口，大家看到很多老人在接送孩子，這些老人不少是異地養老的，或者就是來幫子女帶孩子的。他們中有人經常爲異地報銷醫療費奔波煩惱，這個問題應該下決心逐步解決。今年我們要擴大門診費用跨省直接報銷的範圍，到明年年底前每個縣都要確定一個定點的醫療機構，能夠直接報銷包括門診費在內的醫療費用，不能再讓這些老人爲此煩心。這件事，還有類似的事，看似不大，政府工作人員多費些心，就可以讓老人、讓家庭多一點舒心。
Premier Li: This is an issue that has been raised by many people in their real-name-based posts on the Chinese government’s portal website. When we pass school gates, it is often elderly people that we see who are sending children to school or picking them up. I suppose many of them are out-of-towners who are just in the city to help with caring for their grandchildren. They often face the hassle of traveling back to their hometowns to reimburse their medical expenses. The government is determined to have this problem resolved over time. By the end of this year, we will further expand the coverage of inter-provincial on-the-spot reimbursement of outpatient bills. By the end of next year, every county will have one designated medical institution which will be able to settle on-the-spot inter-provincially outpatient bills and other medical expenses. We should free elderly people from such trouble. Like other similar issues, this may not seem to be a very big thing. Yet if government officials care more and do more on these fronts, they will make life much easier for the elderly people and their families.
鳳凰衛視記者：過去一年香港因爲疫情飽受打擊，未來兩年又將進入選舉年，此時全國人大會議就完善香港的選舉制度作出了決定，人大常委會將就香港選舉的相關法律進行修改。外界對于“一國兩制”如何繼續實踐充滿關注。您認爲“一國兩制”在香港將來要如何行穩致遠？
Phoenix TV: In the past year, COVID-19 dealt a heavy blow to Hong Kong. In the next couple of years, Hong Kong will enter into an important period of elections. At this year’s NPC session, a decision was adopted to improve the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). The Standing Committee of the NPC will amend relevant law. There is extensive attention on the future implementation of One Country, Two Systems. How to ensure the steady implementation of One Country, Two Systems in the Hong Kong SAR?
李克強：我們明確提出，要繼續全面准確地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治方針，嚴格依照憲法和基本法辦事，落實好特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制，全力支持特區政府和行政長官依法施政。
Premier Li: We have made it clear that we will continue to fully and faithfully implement the principle of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy. We will continue to act in strict accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law, fully implement the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong SAR, and fully support the SAR government and its Chief Executive in administration according to law.
剛才你問到全國人大就完善香港選舉制度作出決定，決定很明確，就是要堅持和完善“一國兩制”的制度體系，始終堅持“愛國者治港”，也是爲了確保“一國兩制”行穩致遠。
As for the NPC decision on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong SAR you asked about, the purpose of the decision is clear-cut: it is to uphold and improve the system and institutions of One Country, Two Systems, uphold the principle of “patriots administering Hong Kong”, and ensure steady implementation of One Country, Two Systems.
去年香港受到了多重沖擊，我們希望香港各界能夠攜起手來盡早戰勝疫情，實現經濟恢複性增長，改善民生，保持香港長期繁榮穩定。中央政府會繼續全力給予支持。
Last year, Hong Kong suffered multiple disruptions. We hope people from all walks of life in the Hong Kong SAR will work together to defeat the virus at an early date, revive economic growth, improve people’s living standards and maintain Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability. The Central Government will continue to give Hong Kong full support.
中央廣播電視總台央視記者：國家提出建設科技強國，但是目前在一些重點領域和關鍵技術上我們還存在短板，甚至出現了“卡脖子”的情況。與此同時，我們還看到了一些急功近利的現象，比如在一些地區，一些高新産業項目的大規模投入出現了爛尾。請問您如何看待這樣的情況？未來政府在推動科技創新方面還會有哪些新的舉措？
CCTV: China said it will make the country strong in science and technology. Yet our capability in some key areas still falls short, and certain critical technologies are still dependent on foreign supply. Some research seems to be oriented at quick success, and some high-tech projects in some regions with heavy investment have failed to deliver. How do you see such a situation? And what measures will the government take to spur innovation in science and technology?
李克強：多年來，我國在科技創新領域有一些重大突破，在應用創新領域發展得也很快，但是在基礎研究領域的確存在著不足。要建設科技強國，提升科技創新能力，必須打牢基礎研究和應用基礎研究這個根基。打多深的基，才能蓋多高的樓。不能急功近利，要一步一個腳印地走。
Premier Li: Our country has achieved major breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovations over the years, and application-oriented innovation has been developing fast. But it is also true that our basic research is inadequate. To make our country strong in science and technology and enhance the ability to make innovations, we must solidify the foundation, which is basic research and application-oriented basic research, as the height of a building is determined by the depth of its foundation. We must reject any temptation for quick success, and take solid steps one at a time.
目前我國全社會研發投入占GDP的比重還不高，尤其是基礎研究投入只占到研發投入的6%，而發達國家通常是15%到25%。我們下一步要加大基礎研究的投入，還要繼續改革科技體制，讓科研人員有自主權，很重要的是要讓科研人員有經費使用的自主權，不能讓科研人員把寶貴的精力花在填表、評比等事務上，還是要讓他們心無旁骛去搞研究，厚積才能薄發。講到這裏，我想對青年學生們說幾句話，不管你們將來從事什麽職業、有什麽樣的志向，一定要注意加強基礎知識學習，打牢基本功和培育創新能力是並行不悖的。樹高千尺，營養還在根部。把基礎打牢了，將來就可以觸類旁通，行行都可以寫出精彩。
Our R&D spending as a percentage of GDP is still modest, especially in terms of basic research. It only accounts for six percent of total R&D spending whereas the number in developed countries ranges between 15 to 25 percent. We will continue to increase input in basic research. We will also carry out institutional reforms regarding science and technology. One very important aspect of granting scientists and researchers greater autonomy is for them to have a bigger say in deciding how research funds will be used. These people should not have to spend their valuable time and energy on doing paperwork or competing for awards. They should be able to stay fully concentrated on doing research, and they will be able to accomplish something big when they are well-grounded in their areas of specialty. Here I would also like to say a few words to young students. No matter what job you want to do, or what dream you have for your life in the future, be sure to lay a solid foundation in essential knowledge and skills. Laying such a foundation and boosting your capacity for innovation are mutually reinforcing. The nutrients for a giant tree come from its root. Laying a solid foundation in knowledge and skills will open many doors and help you lead a fulfilling life.
創新還是要依靠市場的力量。企業是創新的主體。“十四五”期間政府會繼續加大科技投入，同時要更多地依靠社會力量來加大研發投入，所以我們要增加“全社會”這個口徑下的研發投入。這就需要采用一些機制。比如今年我們采取對制造業研發費用投入加計扣除100%的措施，這實際上是一項稅收優惠，就是想通過市場化普惠制的辦法，使企業投資研發有動力。當然，研發要靠人才，中國的人才資源是豐富的。我們一方面要讓領軍拔尖人才脫穎而出，另一方面也要看到普通人也有上上智。這些年我們推動“雙創”，形成“衆創”局面，推動了應用創新，也給整體創新帶來了更大空間。
We must rely on market forces in driving innovations. Companies are the most important force. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the government will continue to scale up inputs, and we also need to rely more on private actors in boosting their R&D spending. Hence our R&D spending increase needs to come from all stakeholders. This would require institutional arrangement in policy support. This year we will introduce the tax incentive of raising the extra tax deduction on the R&D expenses of manufacturing firms to 100 percent. This is a market-oriented and inclusive tax break measure aiming to keep companies driven to scale up inputs in research and development. We have a wealth of talent in China who are critical for R&D. In addition to enabling leading professionals to succeed, we should also recognize that there could be extraordinary wisdom among ordinary people. That is why in recent years we have been encouraging business startups and innovations among the general public. And this initiative has created enormous space for application-oriented innovation and overall innovation.
我們說科技要自立自強，科學家要發奮努力，這和國際合作、同行交流是並行不悖的。科學探索和發明發現是需要合作的，需要共同努力。封閉不會有前途，斷鏈對誰都沒有好處。中國願意在保護知識産權的基礎上，同各國加強科技領域的合作，共同促進人類文明進步。
China’s effort to strengthen itself in science and technology needs the efforts of Chinese scientists. Yet it is also compatible with promoting international cooperation and exchanges among global scientists. Scientific explorations, discoveries and inventions call for cooperation and joint efforts. Isolation will lead nowhere and severance of industrial or supply chains will do no one good. Based on protecting intellectual property, China is ready to enhance cooperation with all other countries in science and technology to jointly promote progress of human civilization.
美國有線電視新聞網記者：美中兩國關系在過去幾年跌入建交以來的低谷，中方高層官員多次表示這是由于特朗普政府實施極端錯誤的反華政策造成的，他們也希望，美國拜登政府可以撥亂反正。但是許多來自華盛頓的聲音表示中方的判斷和立場忽視了重要的兩點：一個就是雙邊關系惡化是雙方的原因，而不是中方常說的責任完全在美方；還有一點就是在對華態度以及重大政策上，無論是疫情溯源還是香港、新疆等問題，美國的民主和共和兩黨其實有著高度的共識。請問您對這種來自美國的觀點有何回應？尤其是在美中兩國將于下周在阿拉斯加舉行拜登上台之後的首次高級別會談之際，中方會不會調整或者改變相關政策立場，推動雙邊關系的重啓和修複？
CNN: Mr. Premier, US-China relations hit a low point in the past several years since the establishment of diplomatic ties. In their recent statements, Chinese officials cited the highly erroneous anti-China policies of the Trump administration as the reason for that. Their message to the new US administration under President Biden is to right the wrongs. But many people in Washington, D.C. believe that two important points are overlooked in China’s position and judgement. That is, both sides are responsible for the worsening of the bilateral relationship, not as what China said, the responsibility lies solely with the US side. The other is, there is a high bipartisan consensus in Washington, D.C. in the attitude and major policy toward China, including on the origins of the coronavirus, Hong Kong and Xinjiang. How would you respond to this? Moreover, as the two countries are about to hold the first high-level consultations since the beginning of the Biden administration in Alaska next week, is China also prepared to adjust or alter its position and policy on related issues to reset and improve its relations with the United States?
李克強：過去幾年中美關系的確遭遇了嚴重的困難，給兩國和世界都帶來了不利的影響。中美作爲世界上最大的發展中國家和最大的發達國家，合則兩利、鬥則俱傷。中美建交40多年了，風風雨雨，能越過坎坷向前走，還是因爲符合世界發展趨勢，符合兩國的根本利益。我們希望雙方按照習近平主席最近和拜登總統通話的精神，尊重彼此的核心利益和重大關切，互不幹涉內政和內部事務，秉持不沖突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的原則，推動兩國關系向著健康穩定的方向發展。這既符合兩國人民的利益，也是國際社會的期待。
Premier Li: In the past several years, China-US relations encountered great difficulties, which has adversely affected both countries and the world. As the world’s largest developing and developed countries, China and the United States both stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. In the past forty-plus years of diplomatic ties, China-US relations have gone through some twists and turns, but kept moving forward by overcoming obstacles. This is in keeping with the trend of world development and the fundamental interests of both countries. We hope that the two countries will act in the spirit of the phone conversation between President Xi Jinping and President Joe Biden, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, refrain from interfering in each other’s internal affairs and work for sustained and healthy development of China-US relations in line with the principle of no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. That is in the interest of people of both countries. It is also what the international community hopes to see.
中美兩國曆史文化、發展階段、社會制度不同，彼此相處難免會有矛盾、有分歧，有的時候甚至比較尖銳，關鍵是如何對待。中美兩國人民是有智慧、有能力的，雙方還是要相互尊重、平等相待地進行對話溝通。我們希望中美有多領域、多層次的對話，即便一時達不成共識，也可以交換意見、增信釋疑，這有利于管控和化解分歧。
China and the United States are different in historical background, cultural heritage, stage of development and social system. Some differences and disagreements are hardly avoidable, and some could be quite acute. But what matters most is how these differences and disagreements are handled. The Chinese and American peoples have the wisdom and capability. The two sides need to have dialogue and exchanges based on mutual respect and equality. We hope to see dialogue in multiple areas and at various levels. Even if we cannot work things out anytime soon, such exchange of views will help boost trust and dispel misgivings. It will also help us better manage and mitigate our differences.
中美兩國有著廣泛的共同利益，有許多可以合作的領域。在去年多重沖擊的背景下，中美兩國的貿易規模仍然達到4.1萬億元，增長8.8%。我們還是應當把更多精力放在共同點上，去擴大共同利益。中美兩國作爲聯合國安理會常任理事國，對于維護世界和平穩定、促進世界繁榮發展，都有重要責任。應該推動中美關系越過坎坷往前看，向著總體穩定的方向走。
China and the United States have common interests. There are many areas where the two countries can cooperate. Last year, China-US trade bucked the trend and reached 4.1 trillion yuan, up by 8.8 percent over the previous year. The two countries need to put more energy on their common ground and expand converging interests. As permanent members of the UN Security Council, the two countries shoulder important responsibility for maintaining world peace and stability and promoting global prosperity and progress. We need to be future-oriented and overcome obstacles to move China-US relations in a direction of overall stability.
新華社記者：您一直強調要重視激發市場主體活力，發揮市場主體在經濟發展中的重要作用。現在有一些市場主體反映，在生産經營、公平競爭、市場環境等方面還有一些困難和障礙。請問今年政府將出台哪些改革措施來助企纾困，讓他們煥發新的生機？
Xinhua News Agency: You have repeatedly stressed the importance of energizing market entities and leveraging their key role in driving economic development. At present, we are seeing that some market entities are still faced with difficulties or obstacles in terms of their production and operations, in fair competition and the market environment. What reform measures will the government take this year to alleviate their difficulties and revitalize those market entities?
李克強：去年我們推進改革，很突出的一點就是制定和實施宏觀政策時，圍繞市場主體的需求來考慮，助力市場主體脫困、激發活力，撐起中國經濟的基本盤。中國改革開放40多年來，我們發展社會主義市場經濟，不斷培育和發展市場主體。市場主體培育起來，就可以充分發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用。“十三五”期間的五年，我們的市場主體增加了6000多萬戶。去年在疫情沖擊下，後期快速恢複增長，現在市場主體總數已經達到一億三千多萬戶，而且去年個體工商戶又新增1000多萬戶，從8000多萬戶增加到9000多萬戶，帶動兩億多人就業。市場主體的活力激發、活躍度提高，這是政府推進改革的努力方向。
Premier Li: The centerpiece of our reform last year was to align our macro policies with the needs of market entities to provide them with relief and energize them in bid to consolidate the fundamentals of China’s economy. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, we have been developing a socialist market economy to boost market entities so that the market can play its decisive role in allocating resources and the government can better play its role. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, over 60 million new market entities were registered. Last year, especially in its latter half, with the economic rebound, we saw another upsurge in the number of new market entities. Now there are some 130 million market entities in China. Last year, the number of self-employed individuals increased by over 10 million, rising from 80 million to the current 90 million, providing 200 million job opportunities. So the important purpose of China’s reform agenda is to energize market entities.
今年我們政策的制定和實施，還是要繼續圍著市場主體轉，這就需要繼續推進“放管服”改革，讓市場主體不僅生存，而且活躍。去年我們說留得青山，就贏得未來，今年說留得市場主體的青山常在，就能夠生機盎然，使中國經濟的活力和韌性充分體現。所以轉變政府職能很重要的是要把市場主體應有的權限給他們，讓他們去發揮。對于審批環節，我們要繼續減環節、減材料、減費用、減時限。一方面爲市場主體減負，另一方面爲他們松綁，放開手腳去競爭。
We will continue to keep our policies well-aligned with the needs of market entities. This year, we will continue to reform government functions to better help market entities survive and thrive. Last year, we said we would help keep market entities afloat. This year we will work to sustain and revitalize the market actors, as their survival and thrival is critical for the vitality and resilience of China’s economy. An important part of the reform of government functions is to allow market entities to make their own decisions wherever necessary. We will continue to streamline administrative review processes in terms of procedures, documents, fees and time needed to lessen the burdens on market entities and free up more space for them to compete freely on the market.
當然，要競爭就應當是公平的競爭，就必須有監管。管出公平、管出公正，這樣才能讓市場主體顯示真正的創造力。所以我們放管並重，創新監管方式，加強事中事後監管，這都是改革。我們支持“互聯網+”、物聯網這些新業態，但是對于坑蒙拐騙、造假失信，或者利用新業態的旗號去搞詐騙、非法集資的，就要堅決打擊，因爲把市場攪亂了，沒有公平，競爭就不可能持續，就不可能展現更強的活力。
Competition needs to happen on a level-playing field. We will improve our regulation to ensure fairness on the market so that market entities can better show their creativity and innovation. We will streamline administration and also enhance supervision and regulation. That includes developing new regulatory approaches and enhancing compliance oversight. Those are all part of the reform package. We will continue to support the Internet Plus model and the Internet of Things as new forms of industry and business. We will combat such malpractices as cheating of marketplace, counterfeiting, acts of bad faith, fraud, and illegal fund-raising in the name of new forms of industry, because these malpractices disrupt market order and undermine fairness. Without fairness, neither competition nor market vitality would be possible.
政府還要進一步優化政務服務，爲企業重質量、守誠信、精工細作去提高産品和服務競爭力來營造環境。對于政務服務中那些涉及企業、人民群衆經常要辦的事項，要努力做到網上辦、掌上辦、一次辦，讓市場主體有更強的活力，社會有創造力。
The government will deliver better services and foster an enabling environment for all companies who put quality first, act in good faith and concentrate on making their products and services more competitive. As for those high-demand government services, we will work hard to make them accessible on-line through smart phones on a one-stop basis to better energize market entities and boost social creativity.
台灣無線衛星電視台記者：今年年初，台灣方面表示希望跟大陸能夠在後疫情時代恢複交流。與此同時，兩岸關系目前並沒有看到和緩的迹象，請問大陸方面對此怎麽看，未來又如何因應？
TVBS of Taiwan: Early this year, Taiwan expressed hope for resumed cross-Strait exchanges with the mainland in the post-COVID era. However, so far, we have yet to see signs of an easing situation across the Taiwan Strait. What is the view of the mainland on the current situation? And what does the mainland intend to do in the future?
李克強：我們對台的大政方針是一貫的，也是非常明確的，就是堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”。在此前提下，我們歡迎台灣任何政黨、團體同我們交往，也歡迎台灣各黨派團體人士就兩岸關系和民族未來與我們開展對話。
Premier Li: Our principle and policy towards Taiwan have been consistent and clear-cut. We remain committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus. On that basis, we welcome exchanges with any political party or group from Taiwan, and we welcome dialogue with any party, group or personage of Taiwan on cross-Strait relations and future of the nation.
我們堅持推進兩岸關系和平發展和祖國統一，反對任何形式的“台獨”分裂活動，也反對外部勢力的幹涉。
We will continue to promote peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and China’s reunification. We are opposed to any form of separatist activities seeking “Taiwan independence” and foreign interference in cross-Strait affairs.
我們一直秉持“兩岸一家親”的理念。這幾年出台了很多惠及台企台胞的政策，不少台灣企業和同胞從中受益。我們會繼續讓台灣同胞分享大陸的發展機遇，繼續推動兩岸融合發展。
We always believe that people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one and the same family. That is why in recent years, we have introduced a series of policies that benefit Taiwan companies and compatriots, and many have benefited from such policy measures. We will continue to enable Taiwan compatriots to share in the development opportunities on the mainland and promote integrated development across the Taiwan Strait.
人民日報社記者：受疫情等因素影響，民生領域一些難題凸顯，如就醫、子女教育、養老托幼等成爲我國經濟社會發展的短板，也影響了人民群衆的獲得感和幸福感。請問政府打算從哪些方面著手來解決這些難題？
People’s Daily: The COVID-19 pandemic has made some difficulties related to people’s lives more acute, including in the areas of medical services, education, elderly and child care. This has been an area of weakness in our country’s economic and social development, and our people have not felt as many gains or as much happiness as they deserve. What measures will the government take to tackle these problems?
李克強：今年政府總支出比去年略有增加，盤子不小，所以要更多地向量大面廣的民生領域傾斜，特別是義務教育和基本醫療。如果下半年經濟持續向好，那麽會下更大的力度把財政支出包括債務支出投向這些領域。這對拉動當年GDP增長可能不明顯，但是對于長遠發展、惠民生有支撐作用。我們要堅持以人民爲中心的發展思想，這是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的重要內容，人民的政府就應當以民之所望爲施政所向。
Premier Li: With a modest increase over the previous year, total fiscal spending for this year is of no small amount, and will be weighted towards the wide range of areas related to people’s lives, especially compulsory education and basic medical care. If the economy keeps the positive momentum in the second half of the year, we intend to channel a greater share of budgetary expenditures and funds raised by issuing government bonds to these areas. Such inputs may not make a big difference in driving GDP growth for the current year, but they are critical for laying a solid foundation for China’s long-term development and bettering people’s lives. We must continue to implement the development thinking of putting people at the center, which is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Our government is a people’s government. It must respond to the people’s needs.
教育和健康關系到每個家庭、國家與民族的未來。我在兩會參加代表團審議時，一位中學校長說，現在縣鄉中學還缺乏優質的教師資源，教師的待遇不高，學曆也很難提高。我們今年要下決心，加大對縣鄉教師培訓的投入，讓他們能夠在職便利地提高學曆，職稱評定要采取傾斜政策。對于在城市的農民工子弟，只要拿到居住證，一定要讓他們有受教育的機會。決不能因爲家境、區域不同，讓孩子輸在起跑線上。機會公平中，教育公平是最大的公平。
Education and health concerns the future of every family and every nation. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation during the two sessions this year, the headmaster of a secondary school told me that in county and township secondary schools, quality teachers are in short supply. Their pay packages are inadequate and it is difficult for them to further their education. This year we will scale up on-the-job training for teachers in counties and townships to help them further their education. Preferential arrangement will be made for their professional title assessment. Children of rural migrant workers in cities with urban residency permits must be given an opportunity for education. No child should be put at a disadvantage because of his/her family background or where he/she comes from. Educational fairness is most important in ensuring equal access to opportunities.
健康是幸福的基礎，也是生産力。現在縣鄉基層的醫療機構和力量還比較薄弱，很多人有病往大城市大醫院跑。今年我們要多措並舉加大對縣鄉醫院、衛生院的投入，對于擴大門診醫保報銷範圍和常見病藥品報銷範圍、降低藥品和高值醫用耗材價格等，都要采取一些讓群衆切實感受得到的措施。也就是說，要讓群衆看病多一點便利，治病少一點負擔。這也有利于鞏固脫貧攻堅成果，防止因病返貧致貧。
Good health is the foundation of happiness. It is also in itself a productive force. Our medical institutions in counties and townships are still weak, hence people have to go to big hospitals in big cities for medical treatment. This year we will increase funding support for medical institutions, including health clinics, in counties and townships, through multiple channels. The government will also take a series of concrete steps, including expanding the coverage of reimbursement of outpatient bills and medical expenses for common disease drugs, and lowering the prices of drugs and high-priced consumables. The purpose is to help make access to medical services easier and lessen the financial burden on patients. This will also help consolidate the gains we have made in ending abject poverty, so that people won’t go back into poverty because of falling ill.
在養老托幼方面，政府還要通過引導社會力量來興辦社區服務業，盡可能在稅收等方面給予優惠支持，給家庭在養老托幼方面不僅減輕一點負擔，也多一點溫暖。總之，民生方面的事很多，我們要在發展中持續改善民生。我們現在實施的是廣覆蓋、保基本的社會保障制度。保基本，要在經濟發展中持續提高水平，但也要突出重點。對于事關人人、事關國家和民族未來的義務教育和基本醫療，各級政府一定要扛在肩上。
In terms of elderly and child care, we will rely more on private actors in running community-based services in these areas. They will receive tax breaks and other preferential policies from the government, so that each and every family will have less burden in terms of elderly and child care and feel the warmth of government support. In a word, there are still many areas where a lot needs to be done to improve people’s lives and we need to tackle these problems in the course of development. Our country’s social security system intends to meet people’s basic needs with a broad-based coverage. While strengthening social protection through development, we must also keep our focus on the top priorities. Compulsory education and basic medical care are things that concern each and every individual as well as the future of our country and nation. Governments at all levels must fully live up to their responsibilities in these fields.
新加坡聯合早報記者：中國提出加快構建以國內大循環爲主體、國內國際雙循環相互促進的新發展格局。請問這是不是中國在美國等西方國家“圍堵”下被迫采取的某種戰略收縮？另外，在中國發展國內大循環、構建超大規模的國內市場的時候會帶來怎樣的變化？留給外資的空間未來會不會越來越小？
Lianhe Zaobao: China said it will foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international calculations reinforcing each other. I wonder if this is a kind of strategic retreat that China feels compelled to make due to the encirclement by the United States and other Western countries. As China develops domestic circulation and builds a supersized domestic market, what changes will that effect? Will it mean a dwindling space for foreign investment?
李克強：中國提出要立足新發展階段、貫徹新發展理念、構建新發展格局，以國內大循環爲主體，國內國際雙循環相互促進，這既是要做大國內市場，也是要擴大開放。中國經濟已經深度融入世界經濟，可以說你中有我、我中有你，關起門來是沒有出路的。中國會不斷地、主動地擴大開放，這是中國自身利益的需要，也有利于世界。中國把內需市場做大，帶動自身發展，也會給外資、外國産品和服務帶來巨大的機會。我在參加代表團審議的時候，一位企業家說，抓住內循環就是要開拓國內市場，抓住雙循環就是要開拓國際市場，兩個市場還可以打通。他說得很樸實，但言簡意赅。
Premier Li: China will have a keen grasp of the new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, and move faster to foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. This is to boost our domestic market and open China wider to the world. The Chinese economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy. Shutting its door to the world will lead nowhere. We will continue to take the initiative to open wider. This is what we need to do and it is also beneficial for the whole world. Rising domestic demand in China will drive its own development and present great opportunity for foreign investment, products and services. While I was attending the deliberation of a provincial delegation, an entrepreneur said that if one gets the domestic circulation, it will help him leverage the domestic market; by getting dual circulation, one will be in a good position to leverage the international markets, and the two markets can be linked up. He made the case in a simple and succinct way.
開放還需要各國共同努力，相向而行。經過8年的努力，去年東盟10國、中、日、韓、澳、新15國談成了RCEP協定，這是世界上最大的自貿區，是不同社會制度、文化習俗，不同發展階段國家共同建設的。這說明，只要相互尊重、平等相待，可以談出共識，找到共同利益，擴大各國人民的福祉，而且有助于地區産業鏈、供應鏈的穩定，會給世界經濟增添動力。中國是世界産業鏈、供應鏈的重要組成部分，我們不僅要發揮自身的作用，而且要履行自身的責任，維護以世貿組織規則爲基礎的多邊貿易體制。只要是對互利共贏有利的，無論是多邊、雙邊的機制，我們都持積極開放的態度。
Openness calls for joint efforts among countries. Last year, after eight years of negotiations, 15 countries, namely the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Japan, the ROK, Australia and New Zealand, concluded the RCEP agreement, the largest FTA in the world. This is an FTA among countries different in social system, cultural heritage and stage of development. Its conclusion shows that with mutual respect and equality, countries with such differences can work things through, reach consensus, identify common interests and add to the good of people of these countries. This agreement is also important for keeping regional industrial and supply chains stable and boosting global economic growth. China is an important component of the world industrial and supply chains. China will continue to play its due role and live up to its due responsibilities. We will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime based on WTO rules, and China has a positive and open attitude towards any multilateral or bilateral mechanism that helps achieve mutual benefit.
我們會進一步主動地對外開放，繼續縮減外商來華投資負面清單，繼續推動包括服務業在內的對外開放。我注意到，很多外企關心中國的營商環境，我們還要繼續打造市場化、法治化、國際化的營商環境。總而言之，通過多種努力，在擴大內需中不斷擴大開放，繼續讓中國成爲外商投資的重要目的地、世界的大市場。
We will continue to take the initiative to open further. We will further shorten the negative list on market access for foreign investors and further open up our services and other sectors. I know that foreign investors following keenly the development of China’s business environment. We will continue to foster a world-class, market-oriented business climate governed by a sound legal framework. We believe that by taking various actions to expand domestic demand and further open up, China will remain a key destination for foreign investment and a big market to the world.
記者會采用網絡視頻形式進行，主會場設在人民大會堂三樓金色大廳，分會場設在梅地亞兩會新聞中心。記者會曆時約110分鍾。The Press Conference was held via video link between the main venue, the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People, and the Press Center for the NPC and CPPCC Sessions at Media Center Hotel. It lasted for about 110 minutes.
來源：外交部官網