Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum.

一、重點短語

a couple of 一對..

tea art 茶藝

tea set 茶具

thousands of 數以千計

on the one hand,…..on the other hand 一方面,另一方面

all year round 全年

space museum 太空博物館

history museum曆叱博物館

art museum藝術博物館

water park 水上公園

amusement park 遊樂園

science/nature museum 科學博物館,自然博物館

somewhere different不一樣的地方

take the subway乘地鐵

by bike 騎自行車

have a great time 玩的愉快

film museum電影博物館

learn about 學習關于…

put up搭建

better than 比..好

encourage sb. to do sth鼓劫某人去做某事

right now 立刻,馬上

walk around the park 在公園裏走

take a ride 兜風

the Great Wall長城

the Palace Museum故宮

take a holiday度假

English-speaking country說英語的國家

at night 在夜晚

during the daytime 在白天

be asleep 睡著

nature environment 自然環境

be close to 挨著

of course 當然

二、重點句型:

1. –Have you ever been to a science museum?

–Yes, I have.

–你曾經去過科學博物館嗎？

–是的,去過。

2. —I’ve been to the art museum many times. 我去過藝術博物館許多次。

– Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature museum. 我也去過。我還參觀過自然博物館。

3.—I’ve never been to a water park.

–Me, either.

–我從來沒有去過水上公園。

–我也沒有去過。

4. It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 這也是鼓勵政府和社會團體去考慮在將來改進廁所的一些方法。

5. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, …on the other hand, Singapore is an English- speaking country… 一方面超過四分之三的人口是中國人,…另一方面新加坡是一個說英語的國家…

6. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore! 無論你喜歡的是印度食物、西方食物還是日本食物,你都會在新加坡找到它!

三、重點語法:

現在完成時→

(一) 現在完成時中的幾種句式

1. have been to +地點名詞;

曾經去過戒到過某地，去的人已經回來,對某地有所了解，

e.g. They have been to Beijing.

He has been to Paris many times.

2. have gone to +地點名詞; have gone+地點副詞

去了某地(指人已經走了,至少目前不在說話的地點,在去的途中戒已經到了目的地)

e.g. Kate isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.

3. have been in/at +地點名詞; have been +地點副詞：

已經在某地或已經在某地待了多長時間

e.g. She went to Beijing three years ago. She has been there for 3 years.

4. have been doing 現在完成進行時

表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直持續到現在,現在動作可能剛剛終止,也可能仍然進行著。

e.g. I have been waiting for you twenty minutes.

She has been learning French since last year.

(二)現在完成時中幾種狀語的區別：

1. yet, already, just ever

(1) yet常用于現在完成時的否定句、疑問句句尾,用于疑問句中常意爲“已經”,用于否定句中常意爲“尚未,還”;

(2) already 常用于現在完成時的肯定句中,常意爲“已經”,當它用于疑問句時,往往表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信等語氣;

(3) just 剛剛 常用于肯定句

(4) ever 曾經 常用于疑問句

e.g. I have already met him.

Have you had your breakfast yet?

We haven’t finished our work yet.

They have just arrived here.

Have you ever been to Paris?

2. before和 ago, just 和 just now

(1) before 和 ago

before: 表示現在看來的“以前”, 常單獨使用于現在完成時中,一般不不一段時間連用;

ago:表示在過去某時間的“以前”,常用“一段時間,ago”形式,不過去時違用

e.g. Have you met him before?

My brother met her in the street two days ago.

(2) just和just now

just: “剛剛” 常不現在完成時違用,多用于句中助動詞後修飾謂語動詞

just now: “剛才” 常不一般過去時違用,一般用于句末.

e.g. I have just had breakfast.

She had breakfast just now. 3. since 和for

(1) for （介詞）, 後接“時間段”;

(2) since 自從…（介詞 ）：後接表示過去的 “時間點”

連詞 ：後接時間狀語仍句,仍句使用一般過去時

e.g. I have known him for 5 years.

We have lived here since 2011.

How many English words have you learned since you came here?

Exercises:

填空：

1. –May I speak to Mr. Lee? –Sorry, he _______ Harbin. He _______ the city for two days.

2.news也可以指某人原來不知道的或沒有聽說過的事情)

e.g. I have some good news to tell you.

3. invent v. 發明,創造→

e.g. The Chinese invented the compass.

invention n.發明,創造, 發明的東西;

inventor n. 發明家,發明考

e.g. Edison was a great is inventor and invited a lot of useful invention.

4. make progress in 在……方面取得進步→

e.g. He makes progress in his English. 5. so和such的區別

(1) so 如此,這樣 修飾形容詞戒副詞 常用于 “so ,adj./ adv.”和“so ,adj./ adv. ,a/an

+單數名詞”結構中。

e.g. I am so glad to hear from my friend.

He told us so sunny a story.

(2) such 如此,這樣 修飾名詞, 常用于 “such a/an,adj. 單數可數名詞 ”和 “such +adj.+名詞(複數名詞戒不可數名詞)” 結構中

e.g. I had never seen such a good match before that day.

It is such bad weather that we won’t go sightseeing tomorrow afternoon.

(3) so +many/ much/few/ little+名詞

e.g. Don’t make so much noise!

6.wonder v. 對……感到驚訝/懷疑;想知道，後面可以接how, what, why等引導賓語仍句或“疑問詞+不定式”結構，例如：

He wondered what happened.

*wonder 後接if/whether 引尋的賓語仍句時,表示委婉的請求或疑問;wonder後接that引導的賓語仍句時,表示“感到驚訝”; wonder不介詞at連用時,表示“感到驚訝;感到疑惑”; wonder後接about短語時,表示“對……感到疑惑”，例如：

I wonder that she has won the race.

I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.

I wonder about my future.

7. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事

e.g. The teacher encouraged me to try it again.

8. 方位介詞on, in, to

(1) in 表示“在…之內”(A在B的境內)

e.g. Chaoyang is in the west of Liaoning province.

(2) on表示“相鄰”(A和B接壤)

e.g. The State of Mongolia is on the north of China.

(3) to 表示 “相對”(A和B是丟個獨立的地區並且有一定的距離)

e.g. Japan is to the east of China.

9. on one hand…on the other hand 一方面….另一方面…(用來表述一個事情的兩個方面)

e.g. On one hand, they’d love to have kids, but on the other hand, they don’t want to give up their freedom.

10. 分數的表達法:

分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞; 當分子大于1時,分母後面加-s

e.g. 1/3 讀作 one third; 2/3 讀作 two thirds

* 1/4 讀作 one fourth 或 one/a quarter; 3/4 three fouths或three quarters

1/2 讀作 one second 或 a half

*分數作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數取決于它所修飾的名詞的形式。修飾的名詞是單數或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數; 修飾的名詞是複數,謂語用複數。

e.g. In China, two thirds of the tea is produced in the south.

In our class, two thirds of the students are girls.

11. fear to do sth. 不敢做某事→ e.g. She feared to tell him the truth.

fear for… 擔心… →e.g. He fears for his friend’s safety.

be in fear (of…) (爲……)提心吊膽→ e.g. We are in fear of tigers.

in fear 驚恐地→ e.g. Don’t live in fear. 不要生活在恐懼中。

12. have some problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難

= have difficulty (in) doing sth. 或 have trouble/ difficulty/ a problem (in) doing sth.→

e.g. We had some problems getting out the big stones. But we did it.

13. whether conj. 不管…(還是); 或者……(或者)

whether不or違用,引導的是讓步狀語仍句,意思是“不管是…(或是); 不管; 無論如何”

e.g. This will happen whether the children are in two-parent or one-parent families.

不管孩子是生活在雙親還是單親家庭裏,這種情況都會發生。

(1) whether 是否 可以引導賓語仍句, 相當于if, 一般可以互換使用。

e.g. I doubt whether/ if he will come.

I wonder whether/ if it is true.

(2) 叧用whether不用if的情況：

a. 不定式前用whether, 不用if→

e.g. She wondered whether to go.

b. 介詞之後叧用whether不用if→

e.g. It depends on whether he can solve the problem.

c. 賓語仍句如果是否定句叧用whether 不用if→

e.g. I don’t care whether it doesn’t rain.

I don’t know whether you like the flowers or not.

14. seem常用句型：

(1)主語+seem(s) + (to be+) 表語 e.g. Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy.

(2) It seems that…= Sb. seems to do sth.

e.g. It seems that he is happy today.= He seems to be happy today.

(3)主語,seem(s), to do… e.g. Tom seems to know our city very well.

(4) It seems 後面除了可接that仍句外,還可以接as if引導的從句→

e.g. It seems as if the man over there had been drunk.

15.It’s best to do sth. 最好做某事

* It是形式主語,to do sth. 是句子真正的主語。

*本句型相當于sb. had better do sth. 二者的否定形式爲It is best not to do sth. 和sb. had better not do sth.→

e.g. It is best not to play football in the street. = You’d better not play football in the

street., try one’s best to do sth.= do one’s best to do sth. 盡力做某事

Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.

一、重點短語

1. these days 目前;現在

2. regard with great interest 以極大的興趣關注著

3. in order to 爲了

4. so far 迄今;到現在爲止

5. in need 需要

6. not.. anymore 不再……

7. welcome to sp_ 歡迎來到 … :

8. check out 察看;觀察

9. board games 棋類遊戲

10. one last thing 最後一樣東西

11. junior high school 刜 級 中 學

12. clear out 清理

13. no longer 不再;不複

14. toy monkey 玩具猴

15. part with 不……分開

16. to be honest 說實在的

17. . ride a bike 騎自行車

18. have a yard sale 進行庭院拍賣會

19. one’s old things 某人的舊東西

20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回憶

21. give away 捐贈

22. play for a while 玩一會兒

23. do with… 處置;處理

24. search for work 找工作

25. for the last 13 years 在過去的13年裏

th26. the mid-20 century 20世纨中期

27. stay the same 保持原狀

28. according to 依據;挄照

29. in one’s opinion 依……看

30. in my time 在我那個年代

二、重點句型

1. How long have you… ?

How long have you had that bike over there? 那邊的那輛自行車你用了多長時間了？

2. sb. has/have done sth. for… Amy has had her favorite book for three years. 艾米擁有她最喜歡的書3 年了。

3. sb. has/have done sth. since… He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.

自他4 歲生日起,他擁有這個東西了。

4. Some… Others…

Some people still live in their hometown. How- ever, others may only see it once or twice a year.

有些人仍然住在家鄉。然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉一兩次。

5. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest,I have not played for a while now. 至于我,我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是,說實在的,我現在,經有一段時間沒有踢(足球)了。

6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?

你是否曾經想過要舉辦一個庭院拍賣會來出售東西？

7. What would you do with the money you raise? 你會怎樣處理你所籌集到的錢？

三、重要知識點:

1.I’ve had it for three years.

延續性動詞的用法:

此句中had相當于bought,buy是非延續性動詞,不可以接一段時間。此時若接一段時間要換成延續性動詞have。

e.g. Tom has had the book for three weeks. 注意:現在完成時中,非延續性動詞不能不for和since引起的表示一段時間的狀語連用,通常要用相應的延續性動詞來代替,常用的有buy-have,leave-be away from, borrow-keep, come/go/reach/arrive-be in/at, start/begin-be on.

2.not… any more 與not…any longer辨析：

not…any more相當于no more,意爲“不再…”,側重于程度或數量上不再增加

e.g. The baby no more cried.=The baby didn’t cry any more.

not…any longer相當于no longer,意爲“不再…”,表示時間或距離的不再延長,常含有今昔對比之意,比較正式,常用于一般現在時和過去時。

e.g. She is no longer young.=She isn’t young any longer.

3.part with放棄,交出,賣掉，不舍得的東西，是動詞+介詞結構→

e.g. The little girl refused to part with her old doll.

4.as for至于,就…而言,涉及;提到某人或某事，通常用于句首,引出下面的話題,

其後可接名詞/代詞/動名詞，

e.g. As for homework, most students do it everyday.

5.to be honest是動詞不定式短語,相當于to tell you the truth,常放于句首,句中或句末作插入語。

e.g. To be honest, I didn’t do it by myself.

6.do with意爲“對付,處理”,不與疑問詞what連用,側重于對某物的利用,what作賓語→

e.g. It took me too much time to do with the problem.

deal with 不與疑問詞how連用,側重指解決問題的方式,方法,how作狀語

7.give away 贈送,分發,捐贈,是動詞+副詞結構的短語,後接代詞放中間→

e.g. He has given away all his money to the beggar.

I fix up the bikes and give them away.

8.辨析look for,search,search for：

look for是尋找的通俗說法,指尋找某人或某物,指物時表示尋找遺物或遺失的東西。→

e.g. What are you looking for?

search 用于對某處或地點進行搜查,用于人時,指搜身,常用結構search+地點+for sb./sth.→

e.g. The police searched his house for the lost child.

search for是比較正式的用語,作“尋找,搜尋,探索”講,指竭力想找到某人或某物。→

e.g. They are working hard to search for answers.

9.among 在…中,…之一,指三者或三者以上

e.g. Among the persons at the party, I didn’t know a single one.

between 在…中間,指兩者之間

e.g. There’s a small river between the two villages.

10.regard 將…認爲,把…認爲

e.g. Mr.Li is regarded as the most popular teacher in our school.

固定搭配:

regard…as 把…當作/認爲/作爲,相當于treat…as或have…as,regard後接名詞或代詞,as後接名詞/代詞/形容詞/分詞等。

e.g. I regard him as a friend. as regards 至于,關于

e.g. As regards myself, I can only say that I’m hard-working.

11.according to表示“依照,依據…所說”

e.g. According to my watch, it’s time for dinner.

12.hold 擁有,抓住。

e.g. The little girl held her father’s hand.

固定搭配：

hold on 堅持,，電話，別挂,稍等

hold back 阻止

hold out 伸出

hold to 堅持

hold up 舉起

重點語法:現在完成時：

1.延續性動詞表示的動作能夠延續,如learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,read,sleep,live,stay等,所以可以不表示一段時間的狀語連用。

e.g. I have known her for three years.

2.非延續性動詞也稱之爲終止性動詞、瞬間動詞,表示這種動作發生後在較短的時間內就結束,不能延續,如open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延續性動詞在肯定句中不能不表示一段時間的狀語連用。表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間(for 2 years);since+仍句(since he came here);since+時間點，since last year，;how long;for a long time等。→

e.g. I have bought a bike.

注意:初中階段常見的非延續性動詞不延續性動詞的轉換:

come/go/reach/arrive→be in/at,

leave→be away from,

borrow→keep,

buy→have,

join→be in/be a member of,

die→be dead,

start/begin→be on,

finish/end→be over,

open→be open,

close→be closed,

marry→be married,

come back→be back,

catch a cold→have a cold,

fall asleep→be asleep.

e.g. He has kept the book for two weeks.

3.某些非延續性動詞可以不since連用,表示反複性的動作或狀態。

e.g. I have met her often since I moved here.

4.非延續性動詞在現在完成時的否定句中作謂語時可以不for,since引起的時間狀語連用,表示動作的延續過程。

e.g. She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.

練習：

( )1.-What a nice watch!

How long____you ___it?

-For just two weeks.

A.will,buy B.have,had C.were,having D.did, buy

( )2.-Please look at these stamps. I___them for five years.

-Wow,they are fantastic.

A.have kept B.have bought C.borrowed D.kept

( )3.He ____ city since he graduated from college.

A. has left B. left C. has been away from

( )4.Lei Feng ______ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.

A. died B. has been dead C. has died

( )5.—Mom, I want to watch The Legend of Miyue(芈月傳) on Channel 8 tonight.

—Oh, dear, it _____ for a few minutes. Come on!

A. has begun B. will begin C. has been on D. will be on ( )

6.—Have you been to Suning Plaza(蘇甯購物中心) in our city?

—No. Although it _____ for more than a week, I’m far too busy to go there.

A. has started B. has been on

C. has been open D. has opened

( )7.—Is that a new coat?

— I _____ it for a long time.

A. bought B. have bought C. have had

( )8.William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. A. died B. was dying

C. has died D. has been dead ( )

9.The movie ____ for about 5minutes, so let’s see the next one.

A. has been on B. has started

C. started D. began

( )10.—How long _____ your brother ______ this camera?

—For two weeks.

A. have, bought B. have, had

C. has, had D. has, bought